The Sorrows of Young Werther

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J.W. von Goethe Thomas Carlyle and R.D. Boylan Edited by Nathen Haskell

Dole PREFACE I have carefully collected whatever I have been able to learn

of the story of poor Werther， and here present it to you ， knowing that

you will thank me for it. To his spirit and character you cannot refuse

your admiration and love： to his fate you will not deny your tears.

And thou， good soul， who sufferest the same distress as he endured

once， draw comfort from his sorrows； and let this little book be thy

friend， if ， owing to fortune or through thine own fault， thou canst

not find a dearer companion.

BOOK I

MAY 4. How happy I am that I am gone！ My dear friend ， what a thing

is the heart of man ！ To leave you ， from whom I have been inseparable，

whom I love so dearly ， and yet to feel happy！ I know you will forgive

me. Have not other attachments been specially appointed by fate to torment

a head like mine？ Poor Leonora ！ and yet I was not to blame. Was it

my fault， that ， whilst the peculiar charms of her sister afforded me

an agreeable entertainment， a passion for me was engendered in her feeble

heart ？ And yet am I wholly blameless？ Did I not encourage her emotions？

Did I not feel charmed at those truly genuine expressions of nature ，

which ， though but little mirthful in reality， so often amused us ？

Did I not —— but oh ！ what is man， that he dares so to accuse himself？

My dear friend I promise you I will improve ； I will no longer ， as

has ever been my habit， continue to ruminate on every petty vexation

which fortune may dispense； I will enjoy the present ， and the past

shall be for me the past. No doubt you are right， my best of friends ，

there would be far less suffering amongst mankind ， if men —— and God

knows why they are so fashioned —— did not employ their imaginations

so assiduously in recalling the memory of past sorrow ， instead of bearing

their present lot with equanimity. Be kind enough to inform my mother

that I shall attend to her business to the best of my ability ， and shall

give her the earliest information about it. I have seen my aunt ， and

find that she is very far from being the disagreeable person our friends

allege her to be. She is a lively ， cheerful woman ， with the best of

hearts. I explained to her my mother's wrongs with regard to that part

of her portion which has been withheld from her. She told me the motives

and reasons of her own conduct， and the terms on which she is willing

to give up the whole， and to do more than we have asked. In short， I

cannot write further upon this subject at present ； only assure my mother

that all will go on well. And I have again observed ， my dear friend ，

in this trifling affair ， that misunderstandings and neglect occasion

more mischief in the world than even malice and wickedness. At all events，

the two latter are of less frequent occurrence.

In other respects I am very well off here. Solitude in this terrestrial

paradise is a genial balm to my mind， and the young spring cheers with

its bounteous promises my oftentimes misgiving heart. Every tree， every

bush， is full of flowers ； and one might wish himself transformed into

a butterfly ， to float about in this ocean of perfume， and find his

whole existence in it.

The town itself is disagreeable ； but then ， all around ， you find

an inexpressible beauty of nature. This induced the late Count M to lay

out a garden on one of the sloping hills which here intersect each other

with the most charming variety， and form the most lovely valleys. The

garden is simple； and it is easy to perceive ， even upon your first

entrance， that the plan was not designed by a scientific gardener， but

by a man who wished to give himself up here to the enjoyment of his own

sensitive heart. Many a tear have I already shed to the memory of its

departed master in a summer-house which is now reduced to ruins ， but

was his favourite resort， and now is mine. I shall soon be master of

the place. The gardener has become attached to me within the last few

days， and he will lose nothing thereby.

MAY 10. A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul，

like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart.

I am alone， and feel the charm of existence in this spot ， which was

created for the bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy ， my dear friend，

so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence ， that

I neglect my talents. I should be incapable of drawing a single stroke

at the present moment ； and yet I feel that I never was a greater artist

than now. When， while the lovely valley teems with vapour around me，

and the meridian sun strikes the upper surface of the impenetrable foliage

of my trees ， and but a few stray gleams steal into the inner sanctuary，

I throw myself down among the tall grass by the trickling stream； and，

as I lie close to the earth ， a thousand unknown plants are noticed by

me： when I hear the buzz of the little world among the stalks， and grow

familiar with the countless indescribable forms of the insects and flies，

then I feel the presence of the Almighty， who formed us in his own image，

and the breath of that universal love which bears and sustains us ， as

it floats around us in an eternity of bliss ； and then ， my friend，

when darkness overspreads my eyes ， and heaven and earth seem to dwell

in my soul and absorb its power ， like the form of a beloved mistress，

then I often think with longing ， Oh ， would I could describe these

conceptions ， could impress upon paper all that is living so full and

warm within me， that it might be the mirror of my soul ， as my soul

is the mirror of the infinite God ！ O my friend—— but it is too much

for my strength —— I sink under the weight of the splendour of these

visions ！

MAY 12. I know not whether some deceitful spirits haunt this spot ，

or whether it be the warm ， celestial fancy in my own heart which makes

everything around me seem like paradise. In front of the house is a fountain，

—— a fountain to which I am bound by a charm like Melusina and her sisters.

Descending a gentle slope ， you come to an arch， where， some twenty

steps lower down， water of the clearest crystal gushes from the marble

rock. The narrow wall which encloses it above ， the tall trees which

encircle the spot ， and the coolness of the place itself ，—— everything

imparts a pleasant but sublime impression. Not a day passes on which I

do not spend an hour there. The young maidens come from the town to fetch

water ，—— innocent and necessary employment， and formerly the occupation

of the daughters of kings. As I take my rest there， the idea of the old

patriarchal life is awakened around me. I see them， our old ancestors，

how they formed their friendships and contracted alliances at the fountain-side

； and I feel how fountains and streams were guarded by beneficent spirits.

He who is a stranger to these sensations has never really enjoyed cool

repose at the side of a fountain after the fatigue of a weary summer day.

MAY 13. You ask if you shall send me books. My dear friend， I beseech

you ， for the love of God， relieve me from such a yoke！ I need no more

to be guided， agitated ， heated. My heart ferments sufficiently of itself.

I want strains to lull me ， and I find them to perfection in my Homer.

Often do I strive to allay the burning fever of my blood； and you have

never witnessed anything so unsteady， so uncertain ， as my heart. But

need I confess this to you， my dear friend ， who have so often endured

the anguish of witnessing my sudden transitions from sorrow to immoderate

joy ， and from sweet melancholy to violent passions？ I treat my poor

heart like a sick child ， and gratify its every fancy. Do not mention

this again： there are people who would censure me for it.

MAY 15. The common people of the place know me already， and love

me， particularly the children. When at first I associated with them，

and inquired in a friendly tone about their various trifles ， some fancied

that I wished to ridicule them， and turned from me in exceeding ill-humour.

I did not allow that circumstance to grieve me： I only felt most keenly

what I have often before observed. Persons who can claim a certain rank

keep themselves coldly aloof from the common people ， as though they

feared to lose their importance by the contact； whilst wanton idlers ，

and such as are prone to bad joking ， affect to descend to their level，

only to make the poor people feel their impertinence all the more keenly.

I know very well that we are not all equal， nor can be so； but it

is my opinion that he who avoids the common people， in order not to lose

their respect ， is as much to blame as a coward who hides himself from

his enemy because he fears defeat.

The other day I went to the fountain， and found a young servant-girl，

who had set her pitcher on the lowest step， and looked around to see

if one of her companions was approaching to place it on her head. I ran

down， and looked at her. "Shall I help you ， pretty lass？" said I.

She blushed deeply. "Oh ， sir！" she exclaimed. "No ceremony ！" I replied.

She adjusted her head-gear， and I helped her. She thanked me ， and ascended

the steps.

MAY 17. I have made all sorts of acquaintances， but have as yet found

no society. I know not what attraction I possess for the people ， so

many of them like me， and attach themselves to me； and then I feel sorry

when the road we pursue together goes only a short distance. If you inquire

what the people are like here ， I must answer， "The same as everywhere."

The human race is but a monotonous affair. Most of them labour the greater

part of their time for mere subsistence ； and the scanty portion of freedom

which remains to them so troubles them that they use every exertion to

get rid of it. Oh ， the destiny of man ！

But they are a right good sort of people. If I occasionally forget

myself， and take part in the innocent pleasures which are not yet forbidden

to the peasantry， and enjoy myself ， for instance ， with genuine freedom

and sincerity ， round a well-covered table ， or arrange an excursion

or a dance opportunely， and so forth ， all this produces a good effect

upon my disposition ； only I must forget that there lie dormant within

me so many other qualities which moulder uselessly， and which I am obliged

to keep carefully concealed. Ah ！ this thought affects my spirits fearfully.

And yet to be misunderstood is the fate of the like of us.

Alas， that the friend of my youth is gone！ Alas ， that I ever knew

her ！ I might say to myself， "You are a dreamer to seek what is not

to be found here below." But she has been mine. I have possessed that

heart ， that noble soul， in whose presence I seemed to be more than

I really was， because I was all that I could be. Good heavens！ did then

a single power of my soul remain unexercised？ In her presence could I

not display ， to its full extent ， that mysterious feeling with which

my heart embraces nature？ Was not our intercourse a perpetual web of

the finest emotions ， of the keenest wit ， the varieties of which ，

even in their very eccentricity ， bore the stamp of genius ？ Alas ！

the few years by which she was my senior brought her to the grave before

me. Never can I forget her firm mind or her heavenly patience.

A few days ago I met a certain young V——， a frank， open fellow，

with a most pleasing countenance. He has just left the university ， does

not deem himself overwise ， but believes he knows more than other people.

He has worked hard， as I can perceive from many circumstances， and，

in short， possesses a large stock of information. When he heard that

I am drawing a good deal， and that I know Greek（two wonderful things

for this part of the country）， he came to see me， and displayed his

whole store of learning ， from Batteaux to Wood， from De Piles to Winkelmann

： he assured me he had read through the first part of Sultzer's theory，

and also possessed a manuscript of Heyne's work on the study of the antique.

I allowed it all to pass. I have become acquainted， also ， with a very

worthy person ， the district judge ， a frank and open-hearted man. I

am told it is a most delightful thing to see him in the midst of his children，

of whom he has nine. His eldest daughter especially is highly spoken of.

He has invited me to go and see him ， and I intend to do so on the first

opportunity. He lives at one of the royal hunting-lodges， which can be

reached from here in an hour and a half by walking， and which he obtained

leave to inhabit after the loss of his wife ， as it is so painful to

him to reside in town and at the court.

There have also come in my way a few other originals of a questionable

sort， who are in all respects undesirable， and most intolerable in their

demonstration of friendship. Good-bye. This letter will please you： it

is quite historical.

MAY 22. That the life of man is but a dream ， many a man has surmised

heretofore； and I， too， am everywhere pursued by this feeling. When

I consider the narrow limits within which our active and inquiring faculties

are confined； when I see how all our energies are wasted in providing

for mere necessities， which again have no further end than to prolong

a wretched existence； and then that all our satisfaction concerning certain

subjects of investigation ends in nothing better than a passive resignation，

whilst we amuse ourselves painting our prison-walls with bright figures

and brilliant landscapes，—— when I consider all this ， Wilhelm， I

am silent. I examine my own being ， and find there a world ， but a world

rather of imagination and dim desires ， than of distinctness and living

power. Then everything swims before my senses ， and I smile and dream

while pursuing my way through the world.

All learned professors and doctors are agreed that children do not

comprehend the cause of their desires ； but that the grown-up should

wander about this earth like children ， without knowing whence they come，

or whither they go， influenced as little by fixed motives， but guided

like them by biscuits ， sugar-plums， and the rod，—— this is what

nobody is willing to acknowledge； and yet I think it is palpable.

I know what you will say in reply ； for I am ready to admit that

they are happiest ， who， like children， amuse themselves with their

playthings， dress and undress their dolls， and attentively watch the

cupboard， where mamma has locked up her sweet things ， and， when at

last they get a delicious morsel， eat it greedily， and exclaim， "More！

" These are certainly happy beings； but others also are objects of envy，

who dignify their paltry employments， and sometimes even their passions，

with pompous titles ， representing them to mankind as gigantic achievements

performed for their welfare and glory. But the man who humbly acknowledges

the vanity of all this， who observes with what pleasure the thriving

citizen converts his little garden into a paradise， and how patiently

even the poor man pursues his weary way under his burden， and how all

wish equally to behold the light of the sun a little longer ，—— yes，

such a man is at peace， and creates his own world within himself ； and

he is also happy， because he is a man. And then， however limited his

sphere， he still preserves in his bosom the sweet feeling of liberty ，

and knows that he can quit his prison whenever he likes.

MAY 26. You know of old my ways of settling anywhere， of selecting

a little cottage in some cosy spot， and of putting up in it with every

inconvenience. Here ， too， I have discovered such a snug， comfortable

place ， which possesses peculiar charms for me.

About a league from the town is a place called Walheim. （The reader

need not take the trouble to look for the place thus designated. We have

found it necessary to change the names given in the original. ） It is

delightfully situated on the side of a hill ； and， by proceeding along

one of the footpaths which lead out of the village， you can have a view

of the whole valley. A good old woman lives there ， who keeps a small

inn. She sells wine ， beer ， and coffee ， and is cheerful and pleasant

notwithstanding her age. The chief charm of this spot consists in two

linden-trees， spreading their enormous branches over the little green

before the church ， which is entirely surrounded by peasants' cottages，

barns ， and homesteads. I have seldom seen a place so retired and peaceable

； and there often have my table and chair brought out from the little

inn ， and drink my coffee there， and read my Homer. Accident brought

me to the spot one fine afternoon ， and I found it perfectly deserted.

Everybody was in the fields except a little boy about four years of age，

who was sitting on the ground ， and held between his knees a child about

six months old： he pressed it to his bosom with both arms， which thus

formed a sort of arm-chair； and， notwithstanding the liveliness which

sparkled in its black eyes， it remained perfectly still. The sight charmed

me. I sat down upon a plough opposite ， and sketched with great delight

this little picture of brotherly tenderness. I added the neighbouring

hedge ， the barn-door， and some broken cart-wheels， just as they happened

to lie； and I found in about an hour that I had made a very correct and

interesting drawing ， without putting in the slightest thing of my own.

This confirmed me in my resolution of adhering， for the future ， entirely

to nature. She alone is inexhaustible ， and capable of forming the greatest

masters. Much may be alleged in favour of rules ， as much may be likewise

advanced in favour of the laws of society ： an artist formed upon them

will never produce anything absolutely bad or disgusting； as a man who

observes the laws ， and obeys decorum， can never be an absolutely intolerable

neighbour ， nor a decided villain： but yet， say what you will of rules，

they destroy the genuine feeling of nature， as well as its true expression.

Do not tell me "that this is too hard ， that they only restrain and prune

superfluous branches， etc." My good friend ， I will illustrate this

by an analogy. These things resemble love. A warmhearted youth becomes

strongly attached to a maiden ： he spends every hour of the day in her

company ， wears out his health ， and lavishes his fortune ， to afford

continual proof that he is wholly devoted to her. Then comes a man of

the world ， a man of place and respectability， and addresses him thus

： "My good young friend， love is natural； but you must love within

bounds. Divide your time： devote a portion to business ， and give the

hours of recreation to your mistress. Calculate your fortune； and out

of the superfluity you may make her a present ， only not too often ，

—— on her birthday， and such occasions." Pursuing this advice， he

may become a useful member of society ， and I should advise every prince

to give him an appointment； but it is all up with his love ， and with

his genius if he be an artist. O my friend！ why is it that the torrent

of genius so seldom bursts forth， so seldom rolls in full-flowing stream，

overwhelming your astounded soul？ Because， on either side of this stream，

cold and respectable persons have taken up their abodes ， and， forsooth，

their summer-houses and tulip-beds would suffer from the torrent； wherefore

they dig trenches ， and raise embankments betimes， in order to avert

the impending danger.

MAY 27. I find I have fallen into raptures， declamation， and similes，

and have forgotten， in consequence ， to tell you what became of the

children. Absorbed in my artistic contemplations， which I briefly described

in my letter of yesterday ， I continued sitting on the plough for two

hours. Toward evening a young woman ， with a basket on her arm ， came

running toward the children ， who had not moved all that time. She exclaimed

from a distance ， "You are a good boy， Philip ！" She gave me greeting

： I returned it， rose ， and approached her. I inquired if she were

the mother of those pretty children. "Yes ，" she said； and， giving

the eldest a piece of bread ， she took the little one in her arms and

kissed it with a mother's tenderness. "I left my child in Philip's care

，" she said ， "whilst I went into the town with my eldest boy to buy

some wheaten bread， some sugar ， and an earthen pot." I saw the various

articles in the basket， from which the cover had fallen. "I shall make

some broth to-night for my little Hans（which was the name of the youngest）

： that wild fellow ， the big one， broke my pot yesterday ， whilst

he was scrambling with Philip for what remained of the contents." I inquired

for the eldest； and she bad scarcely time to tell me that he was driving

a couple of geese home from the meadow， when he ran up ， and handed

Philip an osier-twig. I talked a little longer with the woman ， and found

that she was the daughter of the schoolmaster ， and that her husband

was gone on a journey into Switzerland for some money a relation had left

him. "They wanted to cheat him，" she said， "and would not answer his

letters ； so he is gone there himself. I hope he has met with no accident，

as I have heard nothing of him since his departure." I left the woman ，

with regret ， giving each of the children a kreutzer ， with an additional

one for the youngest， to buy some wheaten bread for his broth when she

went to town next ； and so we parted. I assure you ， my dear friend ，

when my thoughts are all in tumult， the sight of such a creature as this

tranquillises my disturbed mind. She moves in a happy thoughtlessness

within the confined circle of her existence ； she supplies her wants

from day to day ； and， when she sees the leaves fall， they raise no

other idea in her mind than that winter is approaching. Since that time

I have gone out there frequently. The children have become quite familiar

with me ； and each gets a lump of sugar when I drink my coffee ， and

they share my milk and bread and butter in the evening. They always receive

their kreutzer on Sundays ， for the good woman has orders to give it

to them when I do not go there after evening service. They are quite at

home with me， tell me everything ； and I am particularly amused with

observing their tempers ， and the simplicity of their behaviour， when

some of the other village children are assembled with them.

It has given me a deal of trouble to satisfy the anxiety of the mother，

lest（as she says ） "they should inconvenience the gentleman."

MAY 30. What I have lately said of painting is equally true with respect

to poetry. It is only necessary for us to know what is really excellent，

and venture to give it expression ； and that is saying much in few words.

To-day I have had a scene ， which， if literally related ， would， make

the most beautiful idyl in the world. But why should I talk of poetry

and scenes and idyls？ Can we never take pleasure in nature without having

recourse to art ？

If you expect anything grand or magnificent from this introduction，

you will be sadly mistaken. It relates merely to a peasant-lad， who has

excited in me the warmest interest. As usual， I shall tell my story badly

； and you， as usual ， will think me extravagant. It is Walheim once

more—— always Walheim —— which produces these wonderful phenomena.

A party had assembled outside the house under the linden-trees， to

drink coffee. The company did not exactly please me ； and， under one

pretext or another， I lingered behind.

A peasant came from an adjoining house， and set to work arranging

some part of the same plough which I had lately sketched. His appearance

pleased me； and I spoke to him ， inquired about his circumstances ，

made his acquaintance ， and， as is my wont with persons of that class，

was soon admitted into his confidence. He said he was in the service of

a young widow ， who set great store by him. He spoke so much of his mistress，

and praised her so extravagantly， that I could soon see he was desperately

in love with her. "She is no longer young ，" he said ： "and she was

treated so badly by her former husband that she does not mean to marry

again." From his account it was so evident what incomparable charms she

possessed for him ， and how ardently he wished she would select him to

extinguish the recollection of her first husband's misconduct ， that

I should have to repeat his own words in order to describe the depth of

the poor fellow's attachment， truth， and devotion. It would ， in fact，

require the gifts of a great poet to convey the expression of his features，

the harmony of his voice， and the heavenly fire of his eye. No words

can portray the tenderness of his every movement and of every feature

： no effort of mine could do justice to the scene. His alarm lest I should

misconceive his position with regard to his mistress， or question the

propriety of her conduct， touched me particularly. The charming manner

with which he described her form and person ， which， without possessing

the graces of youth ， won and attached him to her， is inexpressible ，

and must be left to the imagination. I have never in my life witnessed

or fancied or conceived the possibility of such intense devotion， such

ardent affections ， united with so much purity. Do not blame me if I

say that the recollection of this innocence and truth is deeply impressed

upon my very soul ； that this picture of fidelity and tenderness haunts

me everywhere ； and that my own heart， as though enkindled by the flame，

glows and burns within me.

I mean now to try and see her as soon as I can： or perhaps ， on

second thoughts ， I had better not ； it is better I should behold her

through the eyes of her lover. To my sight， perhaps， she would not appear

as she now stands before me ； and why should I destroy so sweet a picture？

JUNE 16. "Why do I not write to you ？" You lay claim to learning ，

and ask such a question. You should have guessed that I am well —— that

is to say —— in a word， I have made an acquaintance who has won my

heart ： I have —— I know not.

To give you a regular account of the manner in which I have become

acquainted with the most amiable of women would be a difficult task. I

am a happy and contented mortal ， but a poor historian.

An angel！ Nonsense ！ Everybody so describes his mistress； and yet

I find it impossible to tell you how perfect she is ， or why she is so

perfect ： suffice it to say she has captivated all my senses.

So much simplicity with so much understauding —— so mild， and yet

so resolute —— a mind so placid ， and a life so active.

But all this is ugly balderdash ， which expresses not a single character

nor feature. Some other time—— but no ， not some other time， now，

this very instant ， will I tell you all about it. Now or never. Well ，

between ourselves ， since I commenced my letter， I have been three times

on the point of throwing down my pen， of ordering my horse ， and riding

out. And yet I vowed this morning that I would not ride to-day， and yet

every moment I am rushing to the window to see how high the sun is.

I could not restrain myself —— go to her I must. I have just returned，

Wilhelm ； and whilst I am taking supper I will write to you. What a delight

it was for my soul to see her in the midst of her dear， beautiful children，

—— eight brothers and sisters ！

But ， if I proceed thus， you will be no wiser at the end of my letter

than you were at the beginning. Attend， then ， and I will compel myself

to give you the details.

I mentioned to you the other day that I had become acquainted with

S ——， the district judge ， and that he had invited me to go and visit

him in his retirement ， or rather in his little kingdom. But I neglected

going ， and perhaps should never have gone ， if chance had not discovered

to me the treasure which lay concealed in that retired spot. Some of our

young people had proposed giving a ball in the country， at which I consented

to be present. I offered my hand for the evening to a pretty and agreeable，

but rather commonplace， sort of girl from the immediate neighbourhood

； and it was agreed that I should engage a carriage， and call upon Charlotte，

with my partner and her aunt， to convey them to the ball. My companion

informed me ， as we drove along through the park to the hunting-lodge，

that I should make the acquaintance of a very charming young lady. "Take

care，" added the aunt， "that you do not lose your heart." "Why？" said

I. "Because she is already engaged to a very worthy man ，" she replied，

"who is gone to settle his affairs upon the death of his father ， and

will succeed to a very considerable inheritance." This information possessed

no interest for me. When we arrived at the gate ， the sun was setting

behind the tops of the mountains. The atmosphere was heavy； and the ladies

expressed their fears of an approaching storm ， as masses of low black

clouds were gathering in the horizon. I relieved their anxieties by pretending

to be weather-wise， although I myself had some apprehensions lest our

pleasure should be interrupted.

I alighted； and a maid came to the door， and requested us to wait

a moment for her mistress. I walked across the court to a well-built house，

and ， ascending the flight of steps in front ， opened the door， and

saw before me the most charming spectacle I had ever witnessed. Six children，

from eleven to two years old， were running about the hall， and surrounding

a lady of middle height ， with a lovely figure ， dressed in a robe of

simple white， trimmed with pink ribbons. She was holding a rye loaf in

her hand， and was cutting slices for the little ones all around， in

proportion to their age and appetite. She performed her task in a graceful

and affectionate manner ； each claimant awaiting his turn with outstretched

hands ， and boisterously shouting his thanks. Some of them ran away at

once， to enjoy their evening meal； whilst others， of a gentler disposition，

retired to the courtyard to see the strangers ， and to survey the carriage

in which their Charlotte was to drive away. "Pray forgive me for giving

you the trouble to come for me， and for keeping the ladies waiting ：

but dressing， and arranging some household duties before I leave ， had

made me forget my children's supper ； and they do not like to take it

from any one but me." I uttered some indifferent compliment ： but my

whole soul was absorbed by her air， her voice， her manner ； and I had

scarcely recovered myself when she ran into her room to fetch her gloves

and fan. The young ones threw inquiring glances at me from a distance

； whilst I approached the youngest ， a most delicious little creature.

He drew back； and Charlotte， entering at the very moment， said ， "Louis，

shake hands with your cousin." The little fellow obeyed willingly ； and

I could not resist giving him a hearty kiss ， notwithstanding his rather

dirty face. "Cousin ，" said I to Charlotte ， as I handed her down ，

"do you think I deserve the happiness of being related to you ？" She

replied ， with a ready smile ， "Oh！ I have such a number of cousins，

that I should be sorry if you were the most undeserving of them." In taking

leave ， she desired her next sister， Sophy， a girl about eleven years

old ， to take great care of the children ， and to say good-bye to papa

for her when he came home from his ride. She enjoined to the little ones

to obey their sister Sophy as they would herself， upon which some promised

that they would ； but a little fair-haired girl， about six years old，

looked discontented ， and said ， "But Sophy is not you， Charlotte；

and we like you best." The two eldest boys had clambered up the carriage

； and， at my request， she permitted them to accompany us a little way

through the forest， upon their promising to sit very still ， and hold

fast.

We were hardly seated ， and the ladies had scarcely exchanged compliments，

making the usual remarks upon each other's dress， and upon the company

they expected to meet ， when Charlotte stopped the carriage， and made

her brothers get down. They insisted upon kissing her hands once more

； which the eldest did with all the tenderness of a youth of fifteen ，

but the other in a lighter and more careless manner. She desired them

again to give her love to the children， and we drove off.

The aunt inquired of Charlotte whether she had finished the book she

had last sent her. "No，" said Charlotte； "I did not like it ： you can

have it again. And the one before was not much better." I was surprised，

upon asking the title ， to hear that it was ____.（We feel obliged to

suppress the passage in the letter， to prevent any one from feeling aggrieved

； although no author need pay much attention to the opinion of a mere

girl， or that of an unsteady young man.）

I found penetration and character in everything she said： every expression

seemed to brighten her features with new charms ，——with new rays of

genius，—— which unfolded by degrees， as she felt herself understood.

"When I was younger ，" she observed， "I loved nothing so much as

romances. Nothing could equal my delight when ， on some holiday， I could

settle down quietly in a corner ， and enter with my whole heart and soul

into the joys or sorrows of some fictitious Leonora. I do not deny that

they even possess some charms for me yet. But I read so seldom， that

I prefer books suited exactly to my taste. And I like those authors best

whose scenes describe my own situation in life，—— and the friends who

are about me， whose stories touch me with interest ， from resembling

my own homely existence ，—— which， without being absolutely paradise，

is， on the whole ， a source of indescribable happiness."

I endeavoured to conceal the emotion which these words occasioned ，

but it was of slight avail； for， when she had expressed so truly her

opinion of "The Vicar of Wakefield，" and of other works， the names of

which I omit（Though the names are omitted， yet the authors mentioned

deserve Charlotte's approbation ， and will feel it in their hearts when

they read this passage. It concerns no other person.）， I could no longer

contain myself， but gave full utterance to what I thought of it： and

it was not until Charlotte had addressed herself to the two other ladies，

that I remembered their presence， and observed them sitting mute with

astonishment. The aunt looked at me several times with an air of raillery，

which ， however， I did not at all mind.

We talked of the pleasures of dancing. "If it is a fault to love it

，" said Charlotte ， "I am ready to confess that I prize it above all

other amusements. If anything disturbs me ， I go to the piano， play

an air to which I have danced ， and all goes right again directly."

You ， who know me， can fancy how steadfastly I gazed upon her rich

dark eyes during these remarks， how my very soul gloated over her warm

lips and fresh， glowing cheeks ， how I became quite lost in the delightful

meaning of her words， so much so ， that I scarcely heard the actual

expressions. In short ， I alighted from the carriage like a person in

a dream ， and was so lost to the dim world around me ， that I scarcely

heard the music which resounded from the illuminated ballroom.

The two Messrs. Andran and a certain N. N.（I cannot trouble myself

with the names）， who were the aunt's and Charlotte's partners ， received

us at the carriage-door ， and took possession of their ladies， whilst

I followed with mine.

We commenced with a minuet. I led out one lady after another， and

precisely those who were the most disagreeable could not bring themselves

to leave off. Charlotte and her partner began an English country dance，

and you must imagine my delight when it was their turn to dance the figure

with us. You should see Charlotte dance. She dances with her whole heart

and soul： her figure is all harmony， elegance ， and grace， as if she

were conscious of nothing else， and had no other thought or feeling；

and ， doubtless， for the moment ， every other sensation is extinct.

She was engaged for the second country dance， but promised me the

third ， and assured me ， with the most agreeable freedom， that she

was very fond of waltzing. "It is the custom here ，" she said， "for

the previous partners to waltz together ； but my partner is an indifferent

waltzer ， and will feel delighted if I save him the trouble. Your partner

is not allowed to waltz ， and， indeed ， is equally incapable ： but

I observed during the country dance that you waltz well ； so ， if you

will waltz with me， I beg you would propose it to my partner ， and I

will propose it to yours." We agreed， and it was arranged that our partners

should mutually entertain each other.

We set off， and， at first ， delighted ourselves with the usual

graceful motions of the arms. With what grace ， with what ease ， she

moved ！ When the waltz commenced ， and the dancers whirled around each

other in the giddy maze ， there was some confusion ， owing to the incapacity

of some of the dancers. We judiciously remained still ， allowing the

others to weary themselves； and， when the awkward dancers had withdrawn，

we joined in， and kept it up famously together with one other couple ，

—— Andran and his partner. Never did I dance more lightly. I felt myself

more than mortal， holding this loveliest of creatures in my arms ， flying，

with her as rapidly as the wind ， till I lost sight of every other object

； and O Wilhelm， I vowed at that moment ， that a maiden whom I loved，

or for whom I felt the slightest attachment ， never， never should waltz

with any one else but with me ， if I went to perdition for it！—— you

will understand this.

We took a few turns in the room to recover our breath. Charlotte sat

down， and felt refreshed by partaking of some oranges which I had had

secured ，—— the only ones that had been left ； but at every slice

which ， from politeness， she offered to her neighbours， I felt as though

a dagger went through my heart.

We were the second couple in the third country dance. As we were going

down（and Heaven knows with what ecstasy I gazed at her arms and eyes ，

beaming with the sweetest feeling of pure and genuine enjoyment ）， we

passed a lady whom I had noticed for her charming expression of countenance

； although she was no longer young. She looked at Charlotte with a smile，

then， holding up her finger in a threatening attitude， repeated twice

in a very significant tone of voice the name of "Albert."

"Who is Albert，" said I to Charlotte ， "if it is not impertinent

to ask？" She was about to answer ， when we were obliged to separate ，

in order to execute a figure in the dance ； and， as we crossed over

again in front of each other， I perceived she looked somewhat pensive.

"Why need I conceal it from you ？" she said， as she gave me her hand

for the promenade. "Albert is a worthy man， to whom I am engaged." Now，

there was nothing new to me in this （for the girls had told me of it

on the way）； but it was so far new that I had not thought of it in connection

with her whom ， in so short a time ， I had learned to prize so highly.

Enough， I became confused， got out in the figure， and occasioned general

confusion ； so that it required all Charlotte's presence of mind to set

me right by pulling and pushing me into my proper place.

The dance was not yet finished when the lightning which had for some

time been seen in the horizon ， and which I had asserted to proceed entirely

from heat ， grew more violent； and the thunder was heard above the music.

When any distress or terror surprises us in the midst of our amusements，

it naturally makes a deeper impression than at other times， either because

the contrast makes us more keenly susceptible ， or rather perhaps because

our senses are then more open to impressions， and the shock is consequently

stronger. To this cause I must ascribe the fright and shrieks of the ladies.

One sagaciously sat down in a corner with her back to the window， and

held her fingers to her ears； a second knelt down before her ， and hid

her face in her lap ； a third threw herself between them ， and embraced

her sister with a thousand tears； some insisted on going home； others，

unconscious of their actions， wanted sufficient presence of mind to repress

the impertinence of their young partners， who sought to direct to themselves

those sighs which the lips of our agitated beauties intended for heaven.

Some of the gentlemen had gone down-stairs to smoke a quiet cigar ， and

the rest of the company gladly embraced a happy suggestion of the hostess

to retire into another room which was provided with shutters and curtains.

We had hardly got there ， when Charlotte placed the chairs in a circle

； and， when the company had sat down in compliance with her request ，

she forthwith proposed a round game.

I noticed some of the company prepare their mouths and draw themselves

up at the prospect of some agreeable forfeit. "Let us play at counting，

" said Charlotte. "Now， pay attention： I shall go round the circle from

right to left ； and each person is to count， one after the other， the

number that comes to him， and must count fast； whoever stops or mistakes

is to have a box on the ear ， and so on， till we have counted a thousand."

It was delightful to see the fun. She went round the circle with upraised

arm. "One ，" said the first； "two ，" the second； "three ，" the third

； and so on， till Charlotte went faster and faster. One made a mistake，

instantly a box on the ear； and， amid the laughter that ensued， came

another box ； and so on， faster and faster. I myself came in for two.

I fancied they were harder than the rest， and felt quite delighted. A

general laughter and confusion put an end to the game long before we had

counted as far as a thousand. The party broke up into little separate

knots ： the storm had ceased ， and I followed Charlotte into the ballroom.

On the way she said ， "The game banished their fears of the storm." I

could make no reply. "I myself，" she continued ， "was as much frightened

as any of them； but by affecting courage ， to keep up the spirits of

the others， I forgot my apprehensions." We went to the window. It was

still thundering at a distance： a soft rain was pouring down over the

country ， and filled the air around us with delicious odours. Charlotte

leaned forward on her arm ； her eyes wandered over the scene ； she raised

them to the sky ， and then turned them upon me ； they were moistened

with tears； she placed her hand on mine and said ， "Klopstock ！" at

once I remembered the magnificent ode which was in her thoughts ： I felt

oppressed with the weight of my sensations， and sank under them. It was

more than I could bear. I bent over her hand， kissed it in a stream of

delicious tears ， and again looked up to her eyes. Divine Klopstock！

why didst thou not see thy apotheosis in those eyes ？ And thy name so

often profaned， would that I never heard it repeated ！

JUNE 19. I no longer remember where I stopped in my narrative ： I

only know it was two in the morning when I went to bed； and if you had

been with me， that I might have talked instead of writing to you ， I

should， in all probability ， have kept you up till daylight.

I think I have not yet related what happened as we rode home from

the ball， nor have I time to tell you now. It was a most magnificent

sunrise ： the whole country was refreshed， and the rain fell drop by

drop from the trees in the forest. Our companions were asleep. Charlotte

asked me if I did not wish to sleep also， and begged of me not to make

any ceremony on her account. Looking steadfastly at her ， I answered ，

"As long as I see those eyes open ， there is no fear of my falling asleep."

We both continued awake till we reached her door. The maid opened it softly，

and assured her ， in answer to her inquiries ， that her father and the

children were well， and still sleeping. I left her asking permission

to visit her in the course of the day. She consented， and I went ， and，

since that time ， sun， moon ， and stars may pursue their course： I

know not whether it is day or night ； the whole world is nothing to me.

JUNE 21. My days are as happy as those reserved by God for his elect

； and， whatever be my fate hereafter， I can never say that I have not

tasted joy，—— the purest joy of life. You know Walheim. I am now completely

settled there. In that spot I am only half a league from Charlotte； and

there I enjoy myself， and taste all the pleasure which can fall to the

lot of man.

Little did I imagine， when I selected Walheim for my pedestrian excursions，

that all heaven lay so near it. How often in my wanderings from the hillside

or from the meadows across the river， have I beheld this hunting-lodge，

which now contains within it all the joy of my heart！

I have often， my dear Wilhelm， reflected on the eagerness men feel

to wander and make new discoveries， and upon that secret impulse which

afterward inclines them to return to their narrow circle， conform to

the laws of custom， and embarrass themselves no longer with what passes

around them.

It is so strange how， when I came here first ， and gazed upon that

lovely valley from the hillside ， I felt charmed with the entire scene

surrounding me. The little wood opposite—— how delightful to sit under

its shade ！ How fine the view from that point of rock！ Then ， that

delightful chain of hills ， and the exquisite valleys at their feet！

Could I but wander and lose myself amongst them ！ I went ， and returned

without finding what I wished. Distance ， my friend， is like futurity.

A dim vastness is spread before our souls ： the perceptions of our mind

are as obscure as those of our vision ； and we desire earnestly to surrender

up our whole being， that it may be filled with the complete and perfect

bliss of one glorious emotion. But alas ！ when we have attained our object，

when the distant there becomes the present here ， all is changed ： we

are as poor and circumscribed as ever ， and our souls still languish

for unattainable happiness.

So does the restless traveller pant for his native soil ， and find

in his own cottage， in the arms of his wife， in the affections of his

children， and in the labour necessary for their support， that happiness

which he had sought in vain through the wide world.

When， in the morning at sunrise， I go out to Walheim， and with

my own hands gather in the garden the pease which are to serve for my

dinner， when I sit down to shell them， and read my Homer during the

intervals ， and then ， selecting a saucepan from the kitchen， fetch

my own butter ， put my mess on the fire， cover it up， and sit down

to stir it as occasion requires ， I figure to myself the illustrious

suitors of Penelope ， killing， dressing ， and preparing their own oxen

and swine. Nothing fills me with a more pure and genuine sense of happiness

than those traits of patriarchal life which ， thank Heaven ！ I can imitate

without affectation. Happy is it， indeed ， for me that my heart is capable

of feeling the same simple and innocent pleasure as the peasant whose

table is covered with food of his own rearing ， and who not only enjoys

his meal， but remembers with delight the happy days and sunny mornings

when he planted it， the soft evenings when he watered it ， and the pleasure

he experienced in watching its daily growth.

JUNE 29. The day before yesterday ， the physician came from the town

to pay a visit to the judge. He found me on the floor playing with Charlotte's

children. Some of them were scrambling over me， and others romped with

me； and， as I caught and tickled them ， they made a great noise. The

doctor is a formal sort of personage： he adjusts the plaits of his ruffles，

and continually settles his frill whilst he is talking to you ； and he

thought my conduct beneath the dignity of a sensible man. I could perceive

this by his countenance. But I did not suffer myself to be disturbed.

I allowed him to continue his wise conversation ， whilst I rebuilt the

children's card houses for them as fast as they threw them down. He went

about the town afterward， complaining that the judge's children were

spoiled enough before ， but that now Werther was completely ruining them.

Yes ， my dear Wilhelm， nothing on this earth affects my heart so much

as children. When I look on at their doings ； when I mark in the little

creatures the seeds of all those virtues and qualities which they will

one day find so indispensable ； when I behold in the obstinate all the

future firmness and constancy of a noble character； in the capricious，

that levity and gaiety of temper which will carry them lightly over the

dangers and troubles of life， their whole nature simple and unpolluted，

—— then I call to mind the golden words of the Great Teacher of mankind，

"Unless ye become like one of these ！" And now ， my friend， these children，

who are our equals， whom we ought to consider as our models， we treat

them as though they were our subjects. They are allowed no will of their

own. And have we， then ， none ourselves ？ Whence comes our exclusive

right ？ Is it because we are older and more experienced？ Great God！

from the height of thy heaven thou beholdest great children and little

children， and no others； and thy Son has long since declared which afford

thee greatest pleasure. But they believe in him ， and hear him not ，

——that， too， is an old story； and they train their children after

their own image ， etc. Adieu ， Wilhelm： I will not further bewilder

myself with this subject.

JULY 1. The consolation Charlotte can bring to an invalid I experience

from my own heart ， which suffers more from her absence than many a poor

creature lingering on a bed of sickness. She is gone to spend a few days

in the town with a very worthy woman， who is given over by the physicians，

and wishes to have Charlotte near her in her last moments. I accompanied

her last week on a visit to the Vicar of S——， a small village in the

mountains ， about a league hence. We arrived about four o'clock： Charlotte

had taken her little sister with her. When we entered the vicarage court，

we found the good old man sitting on a bench before the door， under the

shade of two large walnut-trees. At the sight of Charlotte he seemed to

gain new life ， rose ， forgot his stick ， and ventured to walk toward

her. She ran to him ， and made him sit down again； then ， placing herself

by his side ， she gave him a number of messages from her father， and

then caught up his youngest child ， a dirty， ugly little thing， the

joy of his old age， and kissed it. I wish you could have witnessed her

attention to this old man ，——how she raised her voice on account of

his deafness； how she told him of healthy young people ， who had been

carried off when it was least expected； praised the virtues of Carlsbad，

and commended his determination to spend the ensuing summer there ； and

assured him that he looked better and stronger than he did when she saw

him last. I ， in the meantime， paid attention to his good lady. The

old man seemed quite in spirits ； and as I could not help admiring the

beauty of the walnut-trees， which formed such an agreeable shade over

our heads ， he began ， though with some little difficulty ， to tell

us their history. "As to the oldest ，" said he ， "we do not know who

planted it，—— some say one clergyman ， and some another ： but the

younger one ， there behind us， is exactly the age of my wife， fifty

years old next October； her father planted it in the morning ， and in

the evening she came into the world. My wife's father was my predecessor

here， and I cannot tell you how fond he was of that tree ； and it is

fully as dear to me. Under the shade of that very tree， upon a log of

wood， my wife was seated knitting， when I ， a poor student ， came

into this court for the first time， just seven and twenty years ago."

Charlotte inquired for his daughter. He said she was gone with Herr Schmidt

to the meadows， and was with the haymakers. The old man then resumed

his story ， and told us how his predecessor had taken a fancy to him ，

as had his daughter likewise； and how he had become first his curate ，

and subsequently his successor. He had scarcely finished his story when

his daughter returned through the garden， accompanied by the above-mentioned

Herr Schmidt. She welcomed Charlotte affectionately ， and I confess I

was much taken with her appearance. She was a lively-looking， good-humoured

brunette， quite competent to amuse one for a short time in the country.

Her lover （for such Herr Schmidt evidently appeared to be） was a polite，

reserved personage， and would not join our conversation， notwithstanding

all Charlotte's endeavours to draw him out. I was much annoyed at observing，

by his countenance， that his silence did not arise from want of talent，

but from caprice and ill-humour. This subsequently became very evident，

when we set out to take a walk， and Frederica joining Charlotte， with

whom I was talking， the worthy gentleman's face， which was naturally

rather sombre ， became so dark and angry that Charlotte was obliged to

touch my arm， and remind me that I was talking too much to Frederica.

Nothing distresses me more than to see men torment each other ； particularly

when in the flower of their age ， in the very season of pleasure ， they

waste their few short days of sunshine in quarrels and disputes ， and

only perceive their error when it is too late to repair it. This thought

dwelt upon my mind； and in the evening ， when we returned to the vicar's，

and were sitting round the table with our bread end milk， the conversation

turned on the joys and sorrows of the world ， I could not resist the

temptation to inveigh bitterly against ill-humour. "We are apt，" said

I ， "to complain ， but - with very little cause ， that our happy days

are few ， and our evil days many. If our hearts were always disposed

to receive the benefits Heaven sends us ， we should acquire strength

to support evil when it comes." "But，" observed the vicar's wife ， "we

cannot always command our tempers ， so much depends upon the constitution

： when the body suffers， the mind is ill at ease." "I acknowledge that，

" I continued ； "but we must consider such a disposition in the light

of a disease， and inquire whether there is no remedy for it." "I should

be glad to hear one ，" said Charlotte： "at least， I think very much

depends upon ourselves； I know it is so with me. When anything annoys

me， and disturbs my temper ， I hasten into the garden ， hum a couple

of country dances ， and it is all right with me directly." "That is what

I meant ，" I replied ； "ill-humour resembles indolence： it is natural

to us ； but if once we have courage to exert ourselves ， we find our

work run fresh from our hands ， and we experience in the activity from

which we shrank a real enjoyment." Frederica listened very attentively

： and the young man objected ， that we were not masters of ourselves，

and still less so of our feelings. "The question is about a disagreeable

feeling ，" I added ， "from which every one would willingly escape ，

but none know their own power without trial. Invalids are glad to consult

physicians， and submit to the most scrupulous regimen， the most nauseous

medicines ， in order to recover their health." I observed that the good

old man inclined his head ， and exerted himself to hear our discourse

； so I raised my voice ， and addressed myself directly to him. We preach

against a great many crimes ，" I observed， "but I never remember a sermon

delivered against ill-humour." "That may do very well for your town clergymen，

" said he ： "country people are never ill-humoured ； though ， indeed，

it might be useful， occasionally ， to my wife for instance， and the

judge." We all laughed， as did he likewise very cordially， till he fell

into a fit of coughing， which interrupted our conversation for a time.

Herr Schmidt resumed the subject. "You call ill humour a crime，" he remarked，

"but I think you use too strong a term." "Not at all，" I replied ， "if

that deserves the name which is so pernicious to ourselves and our neighbours.

Is it not enough that we want the power to make one another happy ， must

we deprive each other of the pleasure which we can all make for ourselves？

Show me the man who has the courage to hide his ill-humour， who bears

the whole burden himself， without disturbing the peace of those around

him. No ： ill-humour arises from an inward consciousness of our own want

of merit， from a discontent which ever accompanies that envy which foolish

vanity engenders. We see people happy ， whom we have not made so ， and

cannot endure the sight." Charlotte looked at me with a smile ； she observed

the emotion with which I spoke： and a tear in the eyes of Frederica stimulated

me to proceed. "Woe unto those，" I said， "who use their power over a

human heart to destroy the simple pleasures it would naturally enjoy！

All the favours ， all the attentions ， in the world cannot compensate

for the loss of that happiness which a cruel tyranny has destroyed." My

heart was full as I spoke. A recollection of many things which had happened

pressed upon my mind， and filled my eyes with tears. "We should daily

repeat to ourselves ，" I exclaimed ， "that we should not interfere with

our friends ， unless to leave them in possession of their own joys ，

and increase their happiness by sharing it with them！ But when their

souls are tormented by a violent passion， or their hearts rent with grief，

is it in your power to afford them the slightest consolation？

"And when the last fatal malady seizes the being whose untimely grave

you have prepared ， when she lies languid and exhausted before you ，

her dim eyes raised to heaven ， and the damp of death upon her pallid

brow， there you stand at her bedside like a condemned criminal ， with

the bitter feeling that your whole fortune could not save her ； and the

agonising thought wrings you， that all your efforts are powerless to

impart even a moment's strength to the departing soul ， or quicken her

with a transitory consolation."

At these words the remembrance of a similar scene at which I had been

once present fell with full force upon my heart. I buried my face in my

handkerchief， and hastened from the room ， and was only recalled to

my recollection by Charlotte's voice， who reminded me that it was time

to return home. With what tenderness she chid me on the way for the too

eager interest I took in everything ！ She declared it would do me injury，

and that I ought to spare myself. Yes ， my angel ！ I will do so for

your sake.

JULY 6. She is still with her dying friend， and is still the same

bright， beautiful creature whose presence softens pain ， and sheds happiness

around whichever way she turns. She went out yesterday with her little

sisters ： I knew it， and went to meet them； and we walked together.

In about an hour and a half we returned to the town. We stopped at the

spring I am so fond of， and which is now a thousand times dearer to me

than ever. Charlotte seated herself upon the low wall ， and we gathered

about her. I looked around， and recalled the time when my heart was unoccupied

and free. "Dear fountain！" I said， "since that time I have no more come

to enjoy cool repose by thy fresh stream： I have passed thee with careless

steps ， and scarcely bestowed a glance upon thee." I looked down ， and

observed Charlotte's little sister， Jane ， coming up the steps with

a glass of water. I turned toward Charlotte ， and I felt her influence

over me. Jane at the moment approached with the glass. Her sister ， Marianne，

wished to take it from her. "No ！" cried the child ， with the sweetest

expression of face， "Charlotte must drink first."

The affection and simplicity with which this was uttered so charmed

me， that I sought to express my feelings by catching up the child and

kissing her heartily. She was frightened， and began to cry. "You should

not do that ，" said Charlotte： I felt perplexed. "Come， Jane ，" she

continued ， taking her hand， and leading her down the steps again ，

"it is no matter： wash yourself quickly in the fresh water." I stood

and watched them； and when I saw the little dear rubbing her cheeks with

her wet hands ， in full belief that all the impurities contracted from

my ugly beard would be washed off by the miraculous water ， and how，

though Charlotte said it would do ， she continued still to wash with

all her might ， as though she thought too much were better than too little，

I assure you， Wilhelm， I never attended a baptism with greater reverence

； and， when Charlotte came up from the well ， I could have prostrated

myself as before the prophet of an Eastern nation.

In the evening I would not resist telling the story to a person who，

I thought ， possessed some natural feeling ， because he was a man of

understanding. But what a mistake I made. He maintained it was very wrong

of Charlotte， that we should not deceive children， that such things

occasioned countless mistakes and superstitions ， from which we were

bound to protect the young. It occurred to me then， that this very man

had been baptised only a week before； so I said nothing further， but

maintained the justice of my own convictions. We should deal with children

as God deals with us， we are happiest under the influence of innocent

delusions.

JULY 8. What a child is man that he should be so solicitous about

a look！ What a child is man！ We had been to Walheim ： the ladies went

in a carriage ； but during our walk I thought I saw in Charlotte's dark

eyes—— I am a fool—— but forgive me ！ you should see them，—— those

eyes. —— However， to be brief（for my own eyes are weighed down with

sleep ）， you must know， when the ladies stepped into their carriage

again ， young W. Seldstadt ， Andran ， and I were standing about the

door. They are a merry set of fellows ， and they were all laughing and

joking together. I watched Charlotte's eyes. They wandered from one to

the other ； but they did not light on me ， on me， who stood there motionless，

and who saw nothing but her ！ My heart bade her a thousand times adieu，

but she noticed me not. The carriage drove off； and my eyes filled with

tears. I looked after her ： suddenly I saw Charlotte's bonnet leaning

out of the window ， and she turned to look back， was it at me ？ My

dear friend ， I know not ； and in this uncertainty I find consolation.

Perhaps she turned to look at me. Perhaps ！ Good-night —— what a child

I am！

JULY lO. You should see how foolish I look in company when her name

is mentioned， particularly when I am asked plainly how I like her. How

I like her！ I detest the phrase. What sort of creature must he be who

merely liked Charlotte， whose whole heart and senses were not entirely

absorbed by her. Like her ！ Some one asked me lately how I liked Ossian.

JULY 11. Madame M —— is very ill. I pray for her recovery ， because

Charlotte shares my sufferings. I see her occasionally at my friend's

house ， and to-day she has told me the strangest circumstance. Old M

—— is a covetous， miserly fellow ， who has long worried and annoyed

the poor lady sadly ； but she has borne her afflictions patiently. A

few days ago， when the physician informed us that her recovery was hopeless，

she sent for her husband（Charlotte was present ）， and addressed him

thus： "I have something to confess ， which， after my decease ， may

occasion trouble and confusion. I have hitherto conducted your household

as frugally and economically as possible， but you must pardon me for

having defrauded you for thirty years. At the commencement of our married

life， you allowed a small sum for the wants of the kitchen ， and the

other household expenses. When our establishment increased and our property

grew larger ， I could not persuade you to increase the weekly allowance

in proportion ： in short ， you know ， that ， when our wants were greatest，

you required me to supply everything with seven florins a week. I took

the money from you without an observation ， but made up the weekly deficiency

from the money-chest； as nobody would suspect your wife of robbing the

household bank. But I have wasted nothing ， and should have been content

to meet my eternal Judge without this confession， if she ， upon whom

the management of your establishment will devolve after my decease， would

be free from embarrassment upon your insisting that the allowance made

to me ， your former wife ， was sufficient."

I talked with Charlotte of the inconceivable manner in which men allow

themselves to be blinded； how any one could avoid suspecting some deception，

when seven florins only were allowed to defray expenses twice as great.

But I have myself known people who believed ， without any visible astonishment，

that their house possessed the prophet's never-failing cruse of oil.

JULY 13. No ， I am not deceived. In her dark eyes I read a genuine

interest in me and in my fortunes. Yes， I feel it； and I may believe

my own heart which tells me —— dare I say it？—— dare I pronounce

the divine words？—— that she loves me！

That she loves me ！ How the idea exalts me in my own eyes！ And，

as you can understand my feelings ， I may say to you ， how I honour

myself since she loves me ！

Is this presumption ， or is it a consciousness of the truth？ I do

not know a man able to supplant me in the heart of Charlotte； and yet

when she speaks of her betrothed with so much warmth and affection， I

feel like the soldier who has been stripped of his honours and titles ，

and deprived of his sword.

JULY 16. How my heart beats when by accident I touch her finger ，

or my feet meet hers under the table！ I draw back as if from a furnace

； but a secret force impels me forward again ， and my senses become

disordered. Her innocent， unconscious heart never knows what agony these

little familiarities inflict upon me. Sometimes when we are talking she

Iays her hand upon mine ， and in the eagerness of conversation comes

closer to me， and her balmy breath reaches my lips ，—— when I feel

as if lightning had struck me ， and that I could sink into the earth.

And yet ， Wilhelm， with all this heavenly confidence，—— if I know

myself， and should ever dare —— you understand me. No， no ！ my heart

is not so corrupt ， it is weak ， weak enough but is not that a degree

of corruption ？

She is to me a sacred being. All passion is still in her presence

： I cannot express my sensations when I am near her. I feel as if my

soul beat in every nerve of my body. There is a melody which she plays

on the piano with angelic skill ，—— so simple is it， and yet so spiritual！

It is her favourite air ； and， when she plays the first note， all pain，

care， and sorrow disappear from me in a moment.

I believe every word that is said of the magic of ancient music. How

her simple song enchants me ！ Sometimes， when I am ready to commit suicide，

she sings that air； and instantly the gloom and madness which hung over

me are dispersed， and I breathe freely again.

JULY 18. Wilhelm， what is the world to our hearts without love ？

What is a magic-lantern without light ？ You have but to kindle the flame

within， and the brightest figures shine on the white wall； and， if

love only show us fleeting shadows， we are yet happy ， when ， like

mere children ， we behold them ， and are transported with the splendid

phantoms. I have not been able to see Charlotte to-day. I was prevented

by company from which I could not disengage myself. What was to be done？

I sent my servant to her house， that I might at least see somebody to-day

who had been near her. Oh ， the impatience with which I waited for his

return！ the joy with which I welcomed him！ I should certainly have caught

him in my arms， and kissed him ， if I had not been ashamed.

It is said that the Bonona stone， when placed in the sun ， attracts

the rays， and for a time appears luminous in the dark. So was it with

me and this servant. The idea that Charlotte's eyes had dwelt on his countenance，

his cheek ， his very apparel ， endeared them all inestimably to me，

so that at the moment I would not have parted from him for a thousand

crowns. His presence made me so happy ！ Beware of laughing at me ， Wilhelm.

Can that be a delusion which makes us happy ？

JULY 19. "I shall see her today ！" I exclaim with delight， when

I rise in the morning ， and look out with gladness of heart at the bright，

beautiful sun. "I shall see her today ！" And then I have no further wish

to form ： all， all is included in that one thought.

JULY 2O. I cannot assent to your proposal that I should accompany

the ambassador to _______. I do not love subordination； and we all know

that he is a rough， disagreeable person to be connected with. You say

my mother wishes me to be employed. I could not help laughing at that.

Am I not sufficiently employed？ And is it not in reality the same， whether

I shell peas or count lentils ？ The world runs on from one folly to another

； and the man who， solely from regard to the opinion of others， and

without any wish or necessity of his own， toils after gold ， honour ，

or any other phantom， is no better than a fool.

JULY 24. You insist so much on my not neglecting my drawing ， that

it would be as well for me to say nothing as to confess how little I have

lately done.

I never felt happier， I never understood nature better ， even down

to the veriest stem or smallest blade of grass； and yet I am unable to

express myself： my powers of execution are so weak ， everything seems

to swim and float before me ， so that I cannot make a clear， bold outline.

But I fancy I should succeed better if I had some clay or wax to model.

I shall try ， if this state of mind continues much longer， and will

take to modelling ， if I only knead dough.

I have commenced Charlotte's portrait three times ， and have as often

disgraced myself. This is the more annoying ， as I was formerly very

happy in taking likenesses. I have since sketched her profile ， and must

content myself with that.

JULY 25. Yes， dear Charlotte ！ I will order and arrange everything.

Only give me more commissions ， the more the better. One thing ， however，

I must request： use no more writing-sand with the dear notes you send

me. Today I raised your letter hastily to my lips ， and it set my teeth

on edge.

JULY 26. I have often determined not to see her so frequently. But

who could keep such a resolution？ Every day I am exposed to the temptation，

and promise faithfully that to-morrow I will really stay away ： but，

when tomorrow comes ， I find some irresistible reason for seeing her

； and， before I can account for it， I am with her again. Either she

has said on the previous evening "You will be sure to call to-morrow，

" —— and who could stay away then ？——or she gives me some commission，

and I find it essential to take her the answer in person； or the day

is fine ， and I walk to Walheim； and， when I am there， it is only

half a league farther to her. I am within the charmed atmosphere， and

soon find myself at her side. My grandmother used to tell us a story of

a mountain of loadstone. When any vessels came near it， they were instantly

deprived of their ironwork： the nails flew to the mountain ， and the

unhappy crew perished amidst the disjointed planks.

JULY 30. Albert is arrived， and I must take my departure. Were he

the best and noblest of men ， and I in every respect his inferior， I

could not endure to see him in possession of such a perfect being. Possession！

—— enough ， Wilhelm： her betrothed is here，—— a fine ， worthy

fellow， whom one cannot help liking. Fortunately I was not present at

their meeting. It would have broken my heart！ And he is so considerate

： he has not given Charlotte one kiss in my presence. Heaven reward him

for it！ I must love him for the respect with which he treats her. He

shows a regard for me ， but for this I suspect I am more indebted to

Charlotte than to his own fancy for me. Women have a delicate tact in

such matters， and it should be so. They cannot always succeed in keeping

two rivals on terms with each other ； but， when they do ， they are

the only gainers.

I cannot help esteeming Albert. The coolness of his temper contrasts

strongly with the impetuosity of mine ， which I cannot conceal. He has

a great deal of feeling ， and is fully sensible of the treasure he possesses

in Charlotte. He is free from ill-humour， which you know is the fault

I detest most.

He regards me as a man of sense ； and my attachment to Charlotte ，

and the interest I take in all that concerns her， augment his triumph

and his love. I shall not inquire whether he may not at times tease her

with some little jealousies ； as I know， that ， were I in his place，

I should not be entirely free from such sensations.

But ， be that as it may， my pleasure with Charlotte is over. Call

it folly or infatuation ， what signifies a name？ The thing speaks for

itself. Before Albert came， I knew all that I know now. I knew I could

make no pretensions to her， nor did I offer any， that is， as far as

it was possible ， in the presence of so much loveliness， not to pant

for its enjoyment. And now， behold me like a silly fellow， staring with

astonishment when another comes in， and deprives me of my love.

I bite my lips， and feel infinite scorn for those who tell me to

be resigned ， because there is no help for it. Let me escape from the

yoke of such silly subterfuges！ I ramble through the woods ； and when

I return to Charlotte ， and find Albert sitting by her side in the summer-house

in the garden ， I am unable to bear it ， behave like a fool ， and commit

a thousand extravagances. "For Heaven's sake，" said Charlotte today，

"let us have no more scenes like those of last night！ You terrify me

when you are so violent." Between ourselves ， I am always away now when

he visits her ： and I feel delighted when I find her alone.

AUGUST 8. Believe me， dear Wilhelm ， I did not allude to you when

I spoke so severely of those who advise resignation to inevitable fate.

I did not think it possible for you to indulge such a sentiment. But in

fact you are right. I only suggest one objection. In this world one is

seldom reduced to make a selection between two alternatives. There are

as many varieties of conduct and opinion as there are turns of feature

between an aquiline nose and a flat one.

You will， therefore， permit me to concede your entire argument，

and yet contrive means to escape your dilemma.

Your position is this ， I hear you say ： "Either you have hopes

of obtaining Charlotte， or you have none. Well ， in the first case，

pursue your course， and press on to the fulfilment of your wishes. In

the second， be a man ， and shake off a miserable passion， which will

enervate and destroy you." My dear friend ， this is well and easily said.

But would you require a wretched being， whose life is slowly wasting

under a lingering disease ， to despatch himself at once by the stroke

of a dagger ？ Does not the very disorder which consumes his strength

deprive him of the courage to effect his deliverance？

You may answer me ， if you please， with a similar analogy ， "Who

would not prefer the amputation of an arm to the periling of life by doubt

and procrastination ！" But I know not if I am right， and let us leave

these comparisons.

Enough！ There are moments， Wilhelm， when I could rise up and shake

it all off， and when ， if I only knew where to go ， I could fly from

this place.

THE SAME EVENING.

My diary， which I have for some time neglected ， came before me

today ； and I am amazed to see how deliberately I have entangled myself

step by step. To have seen my position so clearly ， and yet to have acted

so like a child ！ Even still I behold the result plainly ， and yet have

no thought of acting with greater prudence.

AUGUST lO. If I were not a fool ， I could spend the happiest and

most delightful life here. So many agreeable circumstances， and of a

kind to ensure a worthy man's happiness ， are seldom united. Alas！ I

feel it too sensibly，—— the heart alone makes our happiness！ To be

admitted into this most charming family ， to be loved by the father as

a son ， by the children as a father， and by Charlotte ！ then the noble

Albert， who never disturbs my happiness by any appearance of ill-humour，

receiving me with the heartiest affection ， and loving me， next to Charlotte，

better than all the world ！ Wilhelm， you would be delighted to hear

us in our rambles ， and conversations about Charlotte. Nothing in the

world can be more absurd than our connection， and yet the thought of

it often moves me to tears.

He tells me sometimes of her excellent mother ； how， upon her death-bed，

she had committed her house and children to Charlotte ， and had given

Charlotte herself in charge to him； how， since that time， a new spirit

had taken possession of her ； how， in care and anxiety for their welfare，

she became a real mother to them； how every moment of her time was devoted

to some labour of love in their behalf，—— and yet her mirth and cheerfulness

had never forsaken her. I walk by his side， pluck flowers by the way ，

arrange them carefully into a nosegay ， then fling them into the first

stream I pass ， and watch them as they float gently away. I forget whether

I told you that Albert is to remain here. He has received a government

appointment ， with a very good salary； and I understand he is in high

favour at court. I have met few persons so punctual and methodical in

business.

AUGUST 12. Certainly Albert is the best fellow in the world. I had

a strange scene with him yesterday. I went to take leave of him ； for

I took it into my head to spend a few days in these mountains ， from

where I now write to you. As I was walking up and down his room ， my

eye fell upon his pistols. "Lend me those pistols ，" said I， "for my

journey." "By all means ，" he replied， "if you will take the trouble

to load them； for they only hang there for form." I took down one of

them； and he continued ， "Ever since I was near suffering for my extreme

caution ， I will have nothing to do with such things." I was curious

to hear the story. "I was staying ，" said he ， "some three months ago，

at a friend's house in the country. I had a brace of pistols with me，

unloaded； and I slept without any anxiety. One rainy afternoon I was

sitting by myself ， doing nothing， when it occurred to me I do not know

how that the house might be attacked， that we might require the pistols，

that we might in short， you know how we go on fancying ， when we have

nothing better to do. I gave the pistols to the servant ， to clean and

load. He was playing with the maid， and trying to frighten her ， when

the pistol went off —— God knows how！—— the ramrod was in the barrel

； and it went straight through her right hand， and shattered the thumb.

I had to endure all the lamentation ， and to pay the surgeon's bill；

so， since that time， I have kept all my weapons unloaded. But ， my

dear friend ， what is the use of prudence？ We can never be on our guard

against all possible dangers. However ，" —— now， you must know I can

tolerate all men till they come to "however ；" —— for it is self-evident

that every universal rule must have its exceptions. But he is so exceedingly

accurate， that ， if he only fancies he has said a word too precipitate，

or too general， or only half true， he never ceases to qualify ， to

modify， and extenuate， till at last he appears to have said nothing

at all. Upon this occasion， Albert was deeply immersed in his subject

： I ceased to listen to him， and became lost in reverie. With a sudden

motion， I pointed the mouth of the pistol to my forehead ， over the

right eye. "What do vou mean？" cried Albert， turning back the pistol.

"It is not loaded ，" said I. "And even if not，" he answered with impatience，

"what can you mean？ I cannot cornprehend how a man can be so mad as to

shoot himself ， and the bare idea of it shocks me."

"But why should any one ，" said I， "in speaking of an action， venture

to pronounce it mad or wise ， or good or bad ？ What is the meaning of

all this？ Have you carefully studied the secret motives of our actions？

Do you understand —— can you explain the causes which occasion them ，

and make them inevitable？ If you can ， you will be less hasty with your

decision."

"But you will allow ，" said Albert ； "that some actions are criminal，

let them spring from whatever motives they may." I granted it ， and shrugged

my shoulders.

"But still， my good friend ，" I continued ， "there are some exceptions

here too. Theft is a crime； but the man who commits it from extreme poverty，

with no design but to save his family from perishing， is he an object

of pity ， or of punishment ？ Who shall throw the first stone at a husband，

who ， in the heat of just resentment ， sacrifices his faithless wife

and her perfidious seducer？ or at the young maiden ， who， in her weak

hour of rapture ， forgets herself in the impetuous joys of love？ Even

our laws， cold and cruel as they are ， relent in such cases ， and withhold

their punishment."

"That is quite another thing，" said Albert ； "because a man under

the influence of violent passion loses alI power of reflection， and is

regarded as intoxicated or insane."

"Oh ！ you people of sound understandings ，" I replied ， smiling，

"are ever ready to exclaim 'Extravagance， and madness， and intoxication！

' You moral men are so calm and so subdued！ You abhor the drunken man，

and detest the extravagant； you pass by， like the Levite， and thank

God ， like the Pharisee， that you are not like one of them. I have been

more than once intoxicated， my passions have always bordered on extravagance

： I am not ashamed to confess it ； for I have learned ， by my own experience，

that all extraordinary men， who have accomplished great and astonishing

actions ， have ever been decried by the world as drunken or insane. And

in private life ， too， is it not intolerable that no one can undertake

the execution of a noble or generous deed ， without giving rise to the

exclamation that the doer is intoxicated or mad ？ Shame upon you ， ye

sages ！"

"This is another of your extravagant humours，" said Albert ： "you

always exaggerate a case， and in this matter you are undoubtedly wrong

； for we were speaking of suicide， which you compare with great actions，

when it is impossible to regard it as anything but a weakness. It is much

easier to die than to bear a life of misery with fortitude."

I was on the point of breaking off the conversation ， for nothing

puts me so completely out of patience as the utterance of a wretched commonplace

when I am talking from my inmost heart. However ， I composed myself，

for I had often heard the same observation with sufficient vexation ；

and I answered him， therefore， with a little warmth ， "You call this

a weakness—— beware of being led astray by appearances. When a nation，

which has long groaned under the intolerable yoke of a tyrant ， rises

at last and throws off its chains ， do you call that weakness？ The man

who ， to rescue his house from the flames， finds his physical strength

redoubled ， so that he lifts burdens with ease ， which， in the absence

of excitement ， he could scarcely move ； he who ， under the rage of

an insult ， attacks and puts to flight half a score of his enemies ，

are such persons to be called weak？ My good friend ， if resistance be

strength， how can the highest degree of resistance be a weakness ？"

Albert looked steadfastly at me ， and said ， "Pray forgive me ，

but I do not see that the examples you have adduced bear any relation

to the question." "Very likely，" I answered； "for I have often been

told that my style of illustration borders a little on the absurd. But

let us see if we cannot place the matter in another point of view ， by

inquiring what can be a man's state of mind who resolves to free himself

from the burden of life ，—— a burden often so pleasant to bear ，—

— for we cannot otherwise reason fairly upon the subject.

"Human nature ，" I continued ， "has its limits. It is able to endure

a certain degree of joy ， sorrow ， and pain ， but becomes annihilated

as soon as this measure is exceeded. The question ， therefore， is ，

not whether a man is strong or weak ， but whether he is able to endure

the measure of his sufferings. The suffering may be moral or physical

； and in my opinion it is just as absurd to call a man a coward who destroys

himself ， as to call a man a coward who dies of a malignant fever."

"Paradox， all paradox！" exclaimed Albert. "Not so paradoxical as

you imagine ，" I replied. "You allow that we designate a disease as mortal

when nature is so severely attacked ， and her strength so far exhausted，

that she cannot possibly recover her former condition under any change

that may take place.

"Now， my good friend ， apply this to the mind ； observe a man in

his natural ， isolated condition ； consider how ideas work， and how

impressions fasten on him ， till at length a violent passion seizes him，

destroying all his powers of calm reflection， and utterly ruining him.

"It is in vain that a man of sound mind and cool temper understands

the condition of such a wretched being， in vain he counsels him. He can

no more communicate his own wisdom to him than a healthy man can instil

his strength into the invalid ， by whose bedside he is seated."

Albert thought this too general. I reminded him of a girl who had

drowned herself a short time previously ， and I related her history.

She was a good creature ， who had grown up in the narrow sphere of

household industry and weekly appointed labour； one who knew no pleasure

beyond indulging in a walk on Sundays ， arrayed in her best attire ，

accompanied by her friends， or perhaps joining in the dance now and then

at some festival， and chatting away her spare hours with a neighbour ，

discussing the scandal or the quarrels of the village ， trifles sufficient

to occupy her heart. At length the warmth of her nature is influenced

by certain new and unknown wishes. Inflamed by the flatteries of men，

her former pleasures become by degrees insipid， till at length she meets

with a youth to whom she is attracted by an indescribable feeling ； upon

him she now rests all her hopes ； she forgets the world around her ；

she sees， hears， desires nothing but him， and him only. He alone occupies

all her thoughts. Uncorrupted by the idle indulgence of an enervating

vanity， her affection moving steadily toward its object， she hopes to

become his， and to realise ， in an everlasting union with him ， all

that happiness which she sought ， all that bliss for which she longed.

His repeated promises confirm her hopes ： embraces and endearments ，

which increase the ardour of her desires， overmaster her soul. She floats

in a dim， delusive anticipation of her happiness ； and her feelings

become excited to their utmost tension. She stretches out her arms finally

to embrace the object of all her wishes and her lover forsakes her. Stunned

and bewildered， she stands upon a precipice. All is darkness around her.

No prospect ， no hope， no consolation —— forsaken by him in whom her

existence was centred ！ She sees nothing of the wide world before her，

thinks nothing of the many individuals who might supply the void in her

heart ； she feels herself deserted ， forsaken by the world； and， blinded

and impelled by the agony which wrings her soul ， she plunges into the

deep， to end her sufferings in the broad embrace of death. See here，

Albert， the history of thousands ； and tell me， is not this a case

of physical infirmity ？ Nature has no way to escape from the labyrinth

： her powers are exhausted ： she can contend no longer， and the poor

soul must die.

"Shame upon him who can look on calmly， and exclaim， 'The foolish

girl！ she should have waited ； she should have allowed time to wear

off the impression； her despair would have been softened ， and she would

have found another lover to comfort her.' One might as well say ， 'The

fool， to die of a fever！ why did he not wait till his strength was restored，

till his blood became calm？ all would then have gone well， and he would

have been alive now.'"

Albert， who could not see the justice of the comparison， offered

some further objections ， and， amongst others ， urged that I had taken

the case of a mere ignorant girl. But how any man of sense， of more enlarged

views and experience， could be excused ， he was unable to comprehend.

"My friend！" I exclaimed ， "man is but man； and， whatever be the extent

of his reasoning powers ， they are of little avail when passion rages

within， and he feels himself confined by the narrow limits of nature.

It were better， then —— but we will talk of this some other time ，

" I said， and caught up my hat. Alas ！ my heart was full； and we parted

without conviction on either side. How rarely in this world do men understand

each other！

AUGUST 15. There can be no doubt that in this world nothing is so

indispensable as love. I observe that Charlotte could not lose me without

a pang， and the very children have but one wish； that is， that I should

visit them again to-morrow. I went this afternoon to tune Charlotte's

piano. But I could not do it， for the little ones insisted on my telling

them a story； and Charlotte herself urged me to satisfy them. I waited

upon them at tea， and they are now as fully contented with me as with

Charlotte ； and I told them my very best tale of the princess who was

waited upon by dwarfs. I improve myself by this exercise， and am quite

surprised at the impression my stories create. If I sometimes invent an

incident which I forget upon the next narration ， they remind one directly

that the story was different before ； so that I now endeavour to relate

with exactness the same anecdote in the same monotonous tone， which never

changes. I find by this ， how much an author injures his works by altering

them， even though they be improved in a poetical point of view. The first

impression is readily received. We are so constituted that we believe

the most incredible things； and， once they are engraved upon the memory，

woe to him who would endeavour to efface them.

AUGUST 18. Must it ever be thus ，—— that the source of our happiness

must also be the fountain of our misery ？ The full and ardent sentiment

which animated my heart with the love of nature ， overwhelming me with

a torrent of delight， and which brought all paradise before me ， has

now become an insupportable torment ， a demon which perpetually pursues

and harasses me. When in bygone days I gazed from these rocks upon yonder

mountains across the river， and upon the green ， flowery valley before

me， and saw alI nature budding and bursting around ； the hills clothed

from foot to peak with tall ， thick forest trees ； the valleys in all

their varied windings ， shaded with the loveliest woods； and the soft

river gliding along amongst the lisping reeds ， mirroring the beautiful

clouds which the soft evening breeze wafted across the sky，—— when

I heard the groves about me melodious with the music of birds ， and saw

the million swarms of insects dancing in the last golden beams of the

sun ， whose setting rays awoke the humming beetles from their grassy

beds， whilst the subdued tumult around directed my attention to the ground，

and I there observed the arid rock compelled to yield nutriment to the

dry moss， whilst the heath flourished upon the barren sands below me ，

all this displayed to me the inner warmth which animates all nature ，

and filled and glowed within my heart. I felt myself exalted by this overflowing

fulness to the perception of the Godhead， and the glorious forms of an

infinite universe became visible to my soul ！ Stupendous mountains encompassed

me， abysses yawned at my feet， and cataracts fell headlong down before

me； impetuous rivers rolled through the plain， and rocks and mountains

resounded from afar. In the depths of the earth I saw innumerable powers

in motion ， and multiplying to infinity； whilst upon its surface， and

beneath the heavens ， there teemed ten thousand varieties of living creatures.

Everything around is alive with an infinite number of forms ； while mankind

fly for security to their petty houses， from the shelter of which they

rule in their imaginations over the wide-extended universe. Poor fool ！

in whose petty estimation all things are little. From the inaccessible

mountains ， across the desert which no mortal foot has trod， far as

the confines of the unknown ocean ， breathes the spirit of the eternal

Creator ； and every atom to which he has given existence finds favour

in his sight. Ah， how often at that time has the flight of a bird， soaring

above my head ， inspired me with the desire of being transported to the

shores of the immeasurable waters ， there to quaff the pleasures of life

from the foaming goblet of the Infinite ， and to partake ， if but for

a moment even ， with the confined powers of my soul， the beatitude of

that Creator who accomplishes all things in himself ， and through himself！

My dear friend， the bare recollection of those hours still consoles

me. Even this effort to recall those ineffable sensations ， and give

them utterance， exalts my soul above itself， and makes me doubly feel

the intensity of my present anguish.

It is as if a curtain had been drawn from before my eyes， and， instead

of prospects of eternal life， the abyss of an ever open grave yawned

before me. Can we say of anything that it exists when all passes away ，

when time ， with the speed of a storm， carries all things onward，—

— and our transitory existence ， hurried along by the torrent ， is

either swallowed up by the waves or dashed against the rocks？ There is

not a moment but preys upon you ，—— and upon all around you， not a

moment in which you do not yourself become a destroyer. The most innocent

walk deprives of life thousands of poor insects ： one step destroys the

fabric of the industrious ant ， and converts a little world into chaos.

No： it is not the great and rare calamities of the world ， the floods

which sweep away whole villages ， the earthquakes which swallow up our

towns ， that affect me. My heart is wasted by the thought of that destructive

power which lies concealed in every part of universal nature. Nature has

formed nothing that does not consume itself ， and every object near it

： so that， surrounded by earth and air， and all the active powers，

I wander on my way with aching heart； and the universe is to me a fearful

monster ， for ever devouring its own offspring.

AUGUST 21. In vain do I stretch out my arms toward her when I awaken

in the morning from my weary slumbers. In vain do I seek for her at night

in my bed ， when some innocent dream has happily deceived me ， and placed

her near me in the fields ， when I have seized her hand and covered it

with countless kisses. And when I feel for her in the half confusion of

sleep ， with the happy sense that she is near， tears flow from my oppressed

heart ； and， bereft of all comfort， I weep over my future woes.

AUGUST 22. What a misfortune， Wilhelm！ My active spirits have degenerated

into contented indolence. I cannot be idle， and yet I am unable to set

to work. I cannot think ： I have no longer any feeling for the beauties

of nature ， and books are distasteful to me. Once we give ourselves up，

we are totally lost. Many a time and oft I wish I were a common labourer

； that ， awakening in the morning ， I might have but one prospect，

one pursuit ， one hope ， for the day which has dawned. I often envy

Albert when I see him buried in a heap of papers and parchments ， and

I fancy I should be happy were I in his place. Often impressed with this

feeling I have been on the point of writing to you and to the minister，

for the appointment at the embassy， which you think I might obtain. I

believe I might procure it. The minister has long shown a regard for me，

and has frequently urged me to seek employment. It is the business of

an hour only. Now and then the fable of the horse recurs to me. Weary

of liberty， he suffered himself to be saddled and bridled， and was ridden

to death for his pains. I know not what to determine upon. For is not

this anxiety for change the consequence of that restless spirit which

would pursue me equally in every situation of life？

AUGUST 28. If my ills would admit of any cure ， they would certainly

be cured here. This is my birthday， and early in the morning I received

a packet from Albert. Upon opening it ， I found one of the pink ribbons

which Charlotte wore in her dress the first time I saw her， and which

I had several times asked her to give me. With it were two volumes in

duodecimo of Wetstein's "Homer，" a book I had often wished for ， to

save me the inconvenience of carrying the large Ernestine edition with

me upon my walks. You see how they anticipate my wishes ， how well they

understand all those little attentions of friendship， so superior to

the costly presents of the great， which are humiliating. I kissed the

ribbon a thousand times ， and in every breath inhaled the remembrance

of those happy and irrevocable days which filled me with the keenest joy.

Such， Wilhelm， is our fate. I do not murmur at it ： the flowers of

life are but visionary. How many pass away， and leave no trace behind

—— how few yield any fruit—— and the fruit itself ， how rarely does

it ripen！ And yet there are flowers enough ！ and is it not strange，

my friend ， that we should suffer the little that does really ripen，

to rot， decay， and perish unenjoyed ？ Farewell ！ This is a glorious

summer. I often climb into the trees in Charlotte's orchard ， and shake

down the pears that hang on the highest branches. She stands below， and

catches them as they fall.

AUGUST 3O. Unhappy being that I am！ Why do I thus deceive myself ？

What is to come of all this wild， aimless， endless passion？ I cannot

pray except to her. My imagination sees nothing but her ： all surrounding

objects are of no account ， except as they relate to her. In this dreamy

state I enjoy many happy hours， till at length I feel compelled to tear

myself away from her. Ah， Wilhelm， to what does not my heart often compel

me！ When I have spent several hours in her company ， till I feel completely

absorbed by her figure， her grace， the divine expression of her thoughts，

my mind becomes gradually excited to the highest excess ， my sight grows

dim ， my hearing confused， my breathing oppressed as if by the hand

of a murderer ， and my beating heart seeks to obtain relief for my aching

senses. I am sometimes unconscious whether I really exist. If in such

moments I find no sympathy， and Charlotte does not allow me to enjoy

the melancholy consolation of bathing her hand with my tears， I feel

compelled to tear myself from her ， when I either wander through the

country ， climb some precipitous cliff ， or force a path through the

trackless thicket ， where I am lacerated and torn by thorns and briers

； and thence I find relief. Sometimes I lie stretched on the ground，

overcome with fatigue and dying with thirst ； sometimes， late in the

night ， when the moon shines above me， I recline against an aged tree

in some sequestered forest， to rest my weary limbs ， when ， exhausted

and worn， I sleep till break of day. O Wilhelm ！ the hermit's cell，

his sackcloth ， and girdle of thorns would be luxury and indulgence compared

with what I suffer. Adieu ！ I see no end to this wretchedness except

the grave.

SEPTEMBER 3. I must away. Thank you ， Wilhelm， for determining my

wavering purpose. For a whole fortnight I have thought of leaving her.

I must away. She has returned to town ， and is at the house of a friend.

And then， Albert —— yes， I must go.

SEPTEMBER 1O. Oh， what a night ， Wilhelm！ I can henceforth bear

anything. I shall never see her again. Oh ， why cannot I fall on your

neck， and， with floods of tears and raptures， give utterance to all

the passions which distract my heart！ Here I sit gasping for breath，

and struggling to compose myself. I wait for day， and at sunrise the

horses are to be at the door.

And she is sleeping calmly， little suspecting that she has seen me

for the last time. I am free. I have had the courage， in an interview

of two hours' duration， not to betray my intention. And O Wilhelm， what

a conversation it was ！

Albert had promised to come to Charlotte in the garden immediately

after supper. I was upon the terrace under the tall chestnut trees， and

watched the setting sun. I saw him sink for the last time beneath this

delightful valley and silent stream. I had often visited the same spot

with Charlotte， and witnessed that glorious sight； and now—— I was

walking up and down the very avenue which was so dear to me. A secret

sympathy had frequently drawn me thither before I knew Charlotte； and

we were delighted when， in our early acquaintance， we discovered that

we each loved the same spot ， which is indeed as romantic as any that

ever captivated the fancy of an artist.

From beneath the chestnut trees ， there is an extensive view. But

I remember that I have mentioned all this in a former letter， and have

described the tall mass of beech trees at the end ， and how the avenue

grows darker and darker as it winds its way among them， till it ends

in a gloomy recess， which has all the charm of a mysterious solitude.

I still remember the strange feeling of melancholy which came over me

the first time I entered that dark retreat， at bright midday. I felt

some secret foreboding that it would， one day， be to me the scene of

some happiness or misery.

I had spent half an hour struggling between the contending thoughts

of going and returning， when I heard them coming up the terrace. I ran

to meet them. I trembled as I took her hand ， and kissed it. As we reached

the top of the terrace， the moon rose from behind the wooded hill. We

conversed on many subjects， and， without perceiving it， approached

the gloomy recess. Charlotte entered， and sat down. Albert seated himself

beside her. I did the same， but my agitation did not suffer me to remain

long seated. I got up ， and stood before her ， then walked backward

and forward ， and sat down again. I was restless and miserable. Charlotte

drew our attention to the beautiful effect of the moonlight ， which threw

a silver hue over the terrace in front of us， beyond the beech trees.

It was a glorious sight ， and was rendered more striking by the darkness

which surrounded the spot where we were. We remained for some time silent，

when Charlotte observed ， "Whenever I walk by moonlight， it brings to

my remembrance all my beloved and departed friends， and I am filled with

thoughts of death and futurity. We shall live again ， Werther！" she

continued ， with a firm but feeling voice； "but shall we know one another

again what do you think ？ what do you say？"

"Charlotte，" I said， as I took her hand in mine ， and my eyes filled

with tears， "we shall see each other again —— here and hereafter we

shall meet again." I could say no more. Why ， Wilhelm， should she put

this question to me ， just at the monent when the fear of our cruel separation

filled my heart ？

"And oh ！ do those departed ones know how we are employed here ？

do they know when we are well and happy ？ do they know when we recall

their memories with the fondest love？ In the silent hour of evening the

shade of my mother hovers around me ； when seated in the midst of my

children， I see them assembled near me ， as they used to assemble near

her ； and then I raise my anxious eyes to heaven ， and wish she could

look down upon us ， and witness how I fulfil the promise I made to her

in her last moments ， to be a mother to her children. With what emotion

do I then exclaim ， 'Pardon， dearest of mothers ， pardon me， if I

do not adequately supply your place ！ Alas ！ I do my utmost. They are

clothed and fed ； and， still better ， they are loved and educated.

Could you but see ， sweet saint！ the peace and harmony that dwells amongst

us， you would glorify God with the warmest feelings of gratitude ， to

whom， in your last hour， you addressed such fervent prayers for our

happiness.'" Thus did she express herself ； but O Wilhelm！ who can do

justice to her language ？ how can cold and passionless words convey the

heavenly expressions of the spirit？ Albert interrupted her gently. "This

affects you too deeply， my dear Charlotte. I know your soul dwells on

such recollections wlth intense delight ； but I implore—— " "O Albert！

" she continued ， "I am sure you do not forget the evenings when we three

used to sit at the little round table ， when papa was absent ， and the

little ones had retired. You often had a good book with you ， but seldom

read it ； the conversation of that noble being was preferable to everything，

—— that beautiful ， bright ， gentle ， and yet ever-toiling woman.

God alone knows how I have supplicated with tears on my nightly couch ，

that I might be like her."

I threw myself at her feet， and， seizing her hand ， bedewed it

with a thousand tears. "Charlotte ！" I exclaimed ， "God's blessing and

your mother's spirit are upon you." "Oh ！ that you had known her ，"

she said， with a warm pressure of the hand. "She was worthy of being

known to you." I thought I should have fainted： never had I received

praise so flattering. She continued ， "And yet she was doomed to die

in the flower of her youth， when her youngest child was scarcely six

months old. Her illness was but short ， but she was calm and resigned

； and it was only for her children ， especially the youngest， that

she felt unhappy. When her end drew nigh， she bade me bring them to her.

I obeyed. The younger ones knew nothing of their approaching loss ， while

the elder ones were quite overcome with grief. They stood around the bed

； and she raised her feeble hands to heaven， and prayed over them ；

then， kissing them in turn ， she dismissed them ， and said to me ，

'Be you a mother to them.' I gave her my hand. 'You are promising much，

my child，' she said： 'a mother's fondness and a mother's care ！ I have

often witnessed ， by your tears of gratitude ， that you know what is

a mother's tenderness ： show it to your brothers and sisters ， and be

dutiful and faithful to your father as a wife ； you will be his comfort.'

She inquired for him. He had retired to conceal his intolerable anguish，

—— he was heartbroken ， "Albert， you were in the room. She heard some

one moving： she inquired who it was， and desired you to approach. She

surveyed us both with a look of composure and satisfaction， expressive

of her conviction that we should be happy ，—— happy with one another."

Albert fell upon her neck ， and kissed her ， and exclaimed， "We are

so， and we shall be so ！" Even Albert ， generally so tranquil， had

quite lost his composure； and I was excited beyond expression.

"And such a being ，" She continued ， "was to leave us ， Werther！

Great God ， must we thus part with everything we hold dear in this world？

Nobody felt this more acutely than the children ： they cried and lamented

for a long time afterward ， complaining that men had carried away their

dear mamma."

Charlotte rose. It aroused me ； but I continued sitting， and held

her hand. "Let us go，" she said： "it grows late." She attempted to withdraw

her hand： I held it still. "We shall see each other again，" I exclaimed

： "we shall recognise each other under every possible change ！ I am

going ，" I continued ， "going willingly ； but， should I say for ever，

perhaps I may not keep my word. Adieu ， Charlotte； adieu， Albert. We

shall meet again." "Yes ： tomorrow ， I think，" she answered with a

smile. Tomorrow ！ how I felt the word！ Ah ！ she little thought ， when

she drew her hand away from mine. They walked down the avenue. I stood

gazing after them in the moonlight. I threw myself upon the ground， and

wept： I then sprang up ， and ran out upon the terrace ， and saw， under

the shade of the linden-trees ， her white dress disappearing near the

garden-gate. I stretched out my arms， and she vanished.

BOOK II.

OCTOBER 2O. We arrived here yesterday. The ambassador is indisposed，

and will not go out for some days. If he were less peevish and morose ，

all would be well. I see but too plainly that Heaven has destined me to

severe trials ； but courage！ a light heart may bear anything. A light

heart ！ I smile to find such a word proceeding from my pen. A little

more lightheartedness would render me the happiest being under the sun.

But must I despair of my talents and faculties， whilst others of far

inferior abilities parade before me with the utmost self-satisfaction ？

Gracious Providence ， to whom I owe all my powers， why didst thou not

withhold some of those blessings I possess， and substitute in their place

a feeling of self-confidence and contentment？

But patience！ all will yet be well ； for I assure you ， my dear

friend， you were right ： since I have been obliged to associate continually

with other people ， and observe what they do ， and how they employ themselves，

I have become far better satisfied with myself. For we are so constituted

by nature ， that we are ever prone to compare ourselves with others；

and our happiness or misery depends very much on the objects and persons

around us. On this account， nothing is more dangerous than solitude：

there our imagination ， always disposed to rise， taking a new flight

on the wings of fancy ， pictures to us a chain of beings of whom we seem

the most inferior. All things appear greater than they really are ， and

all seem superior to us. This operation of the mind is quite natural：

we so continually feel our own imperfections， and fancy we perceive in

others the qualities we do not possess， attributing to them also all

that we enjoy ourselves ， that by this process we form the idea of a

perfect ， happy man，—— a man， however， who only exists in our own

imagination. But when ， in spite of weakness and disappointments ， we

set to work in earnest， and persevere steadily ， we often find， that，

though obliged continually to tack， we make more way than others who

have the assistance of wind and tide； and， in truth ， there can be

no greater satisfaction than to keep pace with others or outstrip them

in the race.

NOVEMBER 26. I begin to find my situation here more tolerable ， considering

all circumstances. I find a great advantage in being much occupied； and

the number of persons I meet， and their different pursuits ， create

a varied entertainment for me. I have formed the acquaintance of the Count

C —— and I esteem him more and more every day. He is a man of strong

understanding and great discernment ； but， though he sees farther than

other people， he is not on that account cold in his manner ， but capable

of inspiring and returning the warmest affection. He appeared interested

in me on one occasion ， when I had to transact some business with him.

He perceived， at the first word， that we understood each other， and

that he could converse with me in a different tone from what he used with

others. I cannot sufficiently esteem his frank and open kindness to me.

It is the greatest and most genuine of pleasures to observe a great mind

in sympathy with our own.

DECEMBER 24. As I anticipated ， the ambassador occasions me infinite

annoyance. He is the most punctilious blockhead under heaven. He does

everything step by step ， with the trifling minuteness of an old woman

； and he is a man whom it is impossible to please， because he is never

pleased with himself. I like to do business regularly and cheerfully，

and ， when it is finished， to leave it. But he constantly returns my

papers to me， saying ， "They will do，" but recommending me to look

over them again ， as "one may always improve by using a better word or

a more appropriate particle." I then lose all patience， and wish myself

at the devil's. Not a conjunction ， not an adverb， must be omitted：

he has a deadly antipathy to all those transpositions of which I am so

fond； and， if the music of our periods is not tuned to the established，

official key， he cannot comprehend our meaning. It is deplorable to be

connected with such a fellow.

My acquaintance with the Count C—— is the only compensation for

such an evil. He told me frankly， the other day， that he was much displeased

with the difficulties and delays of the ambassador； that people like

him are obstacles ， both to themselves and to others. "But ，" added

he， "one must submit ， like a traveller who has to ascend a mountain

： if the mountain was not there， the road would be both shorter and

pleasanter； but there it is， and he must get over it." The old man perceives

the count's partiality for me ： this annoys him， and， he seizes every

opportunity to depreciate the count in my hearing. I naturally defend

him ， and that only makes matters worse. Yesterday he made me indignant，

for he also alluded to me. "The count ，" he said ， "is a man of the

world ， and a good man of business ： his style is good， and he writes

with facility ； but， like other geniuses， he has no solid learning."

He looked at me with an expression that seemed to ask if I felt the blow.

But it did not produce the desired effect ： I despise a man who can think

and act in such a manner. However ， I made a stand ， and answered with

not a little warmth. The count， I said ， was a man entitled to respect，

alike for his character and his acquirements. I had never met a person

whose mind was stored with more useful and extensive knowledge，—— who

had ， in fact， mastered such an infinite variety of subjects， and who

yet retained all his activity for the details of ordinary business. This

was altogether beyond his comprehension ； and I took my leave， lest

my anger should be too highly excited by some new absurdity of his.

And you are to blame for all this ， you who persuaded me to bend

my neck to this yoke by preaching a life of activity to me. If the man

who plants vegetables ， and carries his corn to town on market-days，

is not more usefully employed than I am ， then let me work ten years

longer at the galleys to which I am now chained.

Oh， the brilliant wretchedness ， the weariness， that one is doomed

to witness among the silly people whom we meet in society here！ The ambition

of rank ！ How they watch ， how they toil， to gain precedence ！ What

poor and contemptible passions are displayed in their utter nakedness ！

We have a woman here， for example， who never ceases to entertain the

company with accounts of her family and her estates. Any stranger would

consider her a silly being， whose head was turned by her pretensions

to rank and property； but she is in reality even more ridiculous ， the

daughter of a mere magistrate's clerk from this neighbourhood. I cannot

understand how human beings can so debase themselves.

Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by

ourselves ； and I have so much trouble with myseif ， and my own heart

is in such constant agitation ， that I am well content to let others

pursue their own course ， if they only allow me the same privilege.

What provokes me most is the unhappy extent to which distinctions

of rank are carried. I know perfectly well how necessary are inequalities

of condition， and I am sensible of the advantages I myself derive therefrom

； but I would not have these institutions prove a barrier to the small

chance of happiness which I may enjoy on this earth.

I have lately become acquainted with a Miss B ——， a very agreeable

girl， who has retained her natural manners in the midst of artificial

life. Our first conversation pleased us both equally； and， at taking

leave ， I requested permission to visit her. She consented in so obliging

a manner， that I waited with impatience for the arrival of the happy

moment. She is not a native of this place ， but resides here with her

aunt. The countenance of the old lady is not prepossessing. I paid her

much attention， addressing the greater part of my conversation to her

； and， in less than half an hour， I discovered what her niece subsequently

acknowledged to me， that her aged aunt ， having but a small fortune ，

and a still smaller share of understanding， enjoys no satisfaction except

in the pedigree of her ancestors， no protection save in her noble birth，

and no enjoyment but in looking from her castle over the heads of the

humble citizens. She was， no doubt ， handsome in her youth， and in

her early years probably trifled away her time in rendering many a poor

youth the sport of her caprice： in her riper years she has submitted

to the yoke of a veteran officer， who， in return for her person and

her small independence， has spent with her what we may designate her

age of brass. He is dead； and she is now a widow ， and deserted. She

spends her iron age alone ， and would not be approached， except for

the loveliness of her niece.

JANUARY 8 ， 1772. What beings are men， whose whole thoughts are

occupied with form and ceremony ， who for years together devote their

mental and physical exertions to the task of advancing themselves but

one step， and endeavouring to occupy a higher place at the table. Not

that such persons would otherwise want employment ： on the contrary，

they give themselves much trouble by neglecting important business for

such petty trifles. Last week a question of precedence arose at a sledging-party，

and all our amusement was spoiled.

The silly creatures cannot see that it is not place which constitutes

real greatness， since the man who occupies the first place but seldom

plays the principal part. How many kings are governed by their ministers

—— how many ministers by their secretaries？ Who， in such cases， is

really the chief？ He ， as it seems to me， who can see through the others，

and possesses strength or skill enough to make their power or passions

subservient to the execution of his own designs.

JANUARY 20. I must write to you from this place ， my dear Charlotte，

from a small room in a country inn， where I have taken shelter from a

severe storm. During my whole residence in that wretched place D——，

where I lived amongst strangers ，—— strangers， indeed ， to this heart，

—— I never at any time felt the smallest inclination to correspond with

you ； but in this cottage， in this retirement ， in this solitude ，

with the snow and hail beating against my lattice-pane， you are my first

thought. The instant I entered， your figure rose up before me， and the

remembrance ！ O my Charlotte ， the sacred ， tender remembrance ！ Gracious

Heaven！ restore to me the happy moment of our first acquaintance.

Could you but see me， my dear Charlotte， in the whirl of dissipation，

—— how my senses are dried up ， but my heart is at no time full. I

enjoy no single moment of happiness ： all is vain—— nothing touches

me. I stand ， as it were ， before the raree-show： I see the little

puppets move， and I ask whether it is not an optical illusion. I am amused

with these puppets， or ， rather ， I am myself one of them： but， when

I sometimes grasp my neighbour's hand ， I feel that it is not natural

； and I withdraw mine with a shudder. In the evening I say I will enjoy

the next morning's sunrise， and yet I remain in bed： in the day I promise

to ramble by moonlight； and I， nevertheless ， remain at home. I know

not why I rise， nor why I go to sleep.

The leaven which animated my existence is gone： the charm which cheered

me in the gloom of night， and aroused me from my morning slumbers， is

for ever fled.

I have found but one being here to interest me， a Miss B ——。 She

resembles you ， my dear Charlotte， if any one can possibly resemble

you. "Ah！" you will say， "he has learned how to pay fine compliments."

And this is partly true. I have been very agreeable lately， as it was

not in my power to be otherwise. I have ， moreover ， a deal of wit：

and the ladies say that no one understands flattery better， or falsehoods

you will add； since the one accomplishment invariably accompanies the

other. But I must tell you of Miss B——。 She has abundance of soul，

which flashes from her deep blue eyes. Her rank is a torment to her ，

and satisfies no one desire of her heart. She would gladly retire from

this whirl of fashion ， and we often picture to ourselves a life of undisturbed

happiness in distant scenes of rural retirement ： and then we speak of

you ， my dear Charlotte； for she knows you， and renders homage to your

merits； but her homage is not exacted， but voluntary， she loves you，

and delights to hear you made the subject of conversation.

Oh， that I were sitting at your feet in your favourite little room，

with the dear children playing around us！ If they became troublesome

to you， I would tell them some appalling goblin story； and they would

crowd round me with silent attention. The sun is setting in glory ； his

last rays are shining on the snow ， which covers the face of the country

： the storm is over， and I must return to my dungeon. Adieu ！—— Is

Albert with you ？ and what is he to you？ God forgive the question.

FEBRUARY 8. For a week past we have had the most wretched weather

： but this to me is a blessing ； for， during my residence here ， not

a single fine day has beamed from the heavens ， but has been lost to

me by the intrusion of somebody. During the severity of rain， sleet，

frost ， and storm， I congratulate myself that it cannot be worse indoors

than abroad ， nor worse abroad than it is within doors ； and so I become

reconciled. When the sun rises bright in the morning， and promises a

glorious day， I never omit to exclaim， "There ， now， they have another

blessing from Heaven， which they will be sure to destroy ： they spoil

everything，—— health ， fame ， happiness， amusement； and they do

this generally through folly， ignorance， or imbecility， and always ，

according to their own account， with the best intentions ！" I could

often beseech them， on my bended knees ， to be less resolved upon their

own destruction.

FEBRUARY 17. I fear that my ambassador and I shall not continue much

longer together. He is really growing past endurance. He transacts his

business in so ridiculous a manner， that I am often compelled to contradict

him ， and do things my own way ； and then ， of course， he thinks them

very ill done. He complained of me lately on this account at court； and

the minister gave me a reprimand，—— a gentle one it is true， but still

a reprimand. In consequence of this ， I was about to tender my resignation，

when I received a letter， to which I submitted with great respect， on

account of the high ， noble， and generous spirit which dictated it.

He endeavoured to soothe my excessive sensibility ， paid a tribute to

my extreme ideas of duty， of good example， and of perseverance in business，

as the fruit of my youthful ardour， an impulse which he did not seek

to destroy， but only to moderate ， that it might have proper play and

be productive of good. So now I am at rest for another week ， and no

longer at variance with myself. Content and peace of mind are valuable

things： I could wish ， my dear friend ， that these precious jewels

were less transitory.

FEBRUARY 20. God bless you， my dear friends， and may he grant you

that happiness which he denies to me！

I thank you ， Albert ， for having deceived me. I waited for the

news that your wedding-day was fixed； and I intended on that day ， with

solemnity ， to take down Charlotte's profile from the wall ， and to

bury it with some other papers I possess. You are now united， and her

picture still remains here. Well， let it remain！ Why should it not？

I know that I am still one of your society， that I still occupy a place

uninjured in Charlotte's heart， that I hold the second place therein

； and I intend to keep it. Oh， I should become mad if she could forget！

Albert， that thought is hell ！ Farewell ， Albert farewell， angel of

heaven farewell ， Charlotte！

MARCH 15. I have just had a sad adventure ， which will drive me away

from here. I lose all patience！—— Death！—— It is not to be remedied

； and you alone are to blame ， for you urged and impelled me to fill

a post for which I was by no means suited. I have now reason to be satisfied，

and so have you ！ But， that you may not again attribute this fatality

to my impetuous temper， I send you ， my dear sir， a plain and simple

narration of the affair ， as a mere chronicler of facts would describe

it.

The Count of O—— likes and distinguishes me. It is well known ，

and I have mentioned this to you a hundred times. Yesterday I dined with

him. It is the day on which the nobility are accustomed to assemble at

his house in the evening. I never once thought of the assembly， nor that

we subalterns did not belong to such society. Well， I dined with the

count ； and， after dinner ， we adjourned to the large hall. We walked

up and down together： and I conversed with him ， and with Colonel B

——， who joined us； and in this manner the hour for the assembly approached.

God knows ， I was thinking of nothing， when who should enter but the

honourable Lady accompanied by her noble husband and their silly， scheming

daughter， with her small waist and flat neck ； and， with disdainful

looks and a haughty air they passed me by. As I heartily detest the whole

race， I determined upon going away ； and only waited till the count

had disengaged himself from their impertinent prattle ， to take leave，

when the agreeable Miss B —— came in. As I never meet her without experiencing

a heartfelt pleasure， I stayed and talked to her ， leaning over the

back of her chair ， and did not perceive ， till after some time ， that

she seemed a little confused， and ceased to answer me with her usual

ease of manner. I was struck with it. "Heavens！" I said to myself， "can

she ， too， be like the rest ？" I felt annoyed， and was about to withdraw

； but I remained ， notwithstanding， forming excuses for her conduct，

fancying she did not mean it， and still hoping to receive some friendly

recognition. The rest of the company now arrived. There was the Baron

F ——， in an entire suit that dated from the coronation of Francis I.

； the Chancellor N ——， with his deaf wife ； the shabbily-dressed

I ——， whose old-fashioned coat bore evidence of modern repairs ： this

crowned the whole. I conversed with some of my acquaintances， but they

answered me laconically. I was engaged in observing Miss B——， and did

not notice that the women were whispering at the end of the room， that

the murmur extended by degrees to the men ， that Madame S—— addressed

the count with much warmth（this was all related to me subsequently by

Miss B——）； till at length the count came up to me ， and took me to

the window. "You know our ridiculous customs，" he said. "I perceive the

company is rather displeased at your being here. I would not on any account

——" "I beg your excellency's pardon ！" I exclaimed. "I ought to have

thought of this before， but I know you will forgive this little inattention.

I was going ，" I added ， "some time ago ， but my evil genius detained

me." And I smiled and bowed ， to take my leave. He shook me by the hand，

in a manner which expressed everything. I hastened at once from the illustrious

assembly， sprang into a carriage ， and drove to M ——。 I contemplated

the setting sun from the top of the hill， and read that beautiful passage

in Homer， where Ulysses is entertained by the hospitable herdsmen. This

was indeed delightful. I returned home to supper in the evening. But few

persons were assembled in the room. They had turned up a corner of the

table-cloth ， and were playing at dice. The good-natured A —— came

in. He laid down his hat when he saw me ， approached me， and said in

a low tone， "You have met with a disagreeable adventure." "I ！" I exclaimed.

"The count obliged you to withdraw from the assembly！" "Deuce take the

assembly！" said I. "I was very glad to be gone." "I am delighted ，"

he added， "that you take it so lightly. I am only sorry that it is already

so much spoken of." The circumstance then began to pain me. I fancied

that every one who sat down ， and even looked at me， was thinking of

this incident ； and my heart became embittered.

And now I could plunge a dagger into my bosom ， when I hear myself

everywhere pitied ， and observe the triumph of my enemies， who say that

this is always the case with vain persons ， whose heads are turned with

conceit ， who affect to despise forms and such petty ， idle nonsense.

Say what you will of fortitude， but show me the man who can patiently

endure the laughter of fools， when they have obtained an advantage over

him. 'Tis only when their nonsense is without foundation that one can

suffer it without complaint.

MARCH 16. Everything conspires against me. I met Miss B —— walking

to-day. I could not help joining her； and， when we were at a little

distance from her companions， I expressed my sense of her altered manner

toward me. "O Werther ！" she said， in a tone of emotion ， "you ， who

know my heart ， how could you so ill interpret my distress ？ What did

I not suffer for you， from the moment you entered the room ！ I foresaw

it all， a hundred times was I on the point of mentioning it to you. I

knew that the S ——s and T ——s ， with their husbands， would quit

the room， rather than remain in your company. I knew that the count would

not break with them ： and now so much is said about it." "How！" I exclaimed，

and endeavoured to conceal my emotion ； for all that Adelin had mentioned

to me yesterday recurred to me painfully at that moment. "Oh， how much

it has already cost me！" said this amiable girl， while her eyes filled

with tears. I could scarcely contain myself ， and was ready to throw

myself at her feet. "Explain yourself ！" I cried. Tears flowed down her

cheeks. I became quite frantic. She wiped them away ， without attempting

to conceal them. "You know my aunt，" she continued ； "she was present

： and in what light does she consider the affair ！ Last night ， and

this morning， Werther， I was compelled to listen to a lecture upon my，

acquaintance with you. I have been obliged to hear you condemned and depreciated

； and I could not—— I dared not—— say much in your defence."

Every word she uttered was a dagger to my heart. She did not feel

what a mercy it would have been to conceal everything from me. She told

me， in addition， all the impertinence that would be further circulated，

and how the malicious would triumph ； how they would rejoice over the

punishment of my pride， over my humiliation for that want of esteem for

others with which I had often been reproached. To hear all this ， Wilhelm，

uttered by her in a voice of the most sincere sympathy， awakened all

my passions ； and I am still in a state of extreme excitement. I wish

I could find a man to jeer me about this event. I would sacrifice him

to my resentment. The sight of his blood might possibly be a relief to

my fury. A hundred times have I seized a dagger ， to give ease to this

oppressed heart. Naturalists tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively

open a vein with their teeth， when heated and exhausted by a long course，

in order to breathe more freely. I am often tempted to open a vein， to

procure for myself everlasting liberty.

MARCH 24. I have tendered my resignation to the court. I hope it will

be accepted ， and you will forgive me for not having previously consulted

you. It is necessary I should leave this place. I know all you will urge

me to stay， and therefore I beg you will soften this news to my mother.

I am unable to do anything for myself ： how， then ， should I be competent

to assist others？ It will afflict her that I should have interrupted

that career which would have made me first a privy councillor ， and then

minister， and that I should look behind me ， in place of advancing.

Argue as you will ， combine all the reasons which should have induced

me to remain， I am going ： that is sufficient. But， that you may not

be ignorant of my destination ， I may mention that the Prince of ——

is here. He is much pleased with my company ； and， having heard of my

intention to resign ， he has invited me to his country house ， to pass

the spring months with him. I shall be left completely my own master；

and ， as we agree on all subjects but one， I shall try my fortune ，

and accompany him.

APRIL l9. Thanks for both your letters. I delayed my reply， and withheld

this letter ， till I should obtain an answer from the court. I feared

my mother might apply to the minister to defeat my purpose. But my request

is granted， my resignation is accepted. I shall not recount with what

reluctance it was accorded， nor relate what the minister has written

： you would only renew your lamentations. The crown prince has sent me

a present of five and twenty ducats ； and， indeed ， such goodness has

affected me to tears. For this reason I shall not require from my mother

the money for which I lately applied.

MAY 5. I leave this place to-morrow ； and， as my native place is

only six miles from the high road ， I intend to visit it once more ，

and recall the happy dreams of my childhood. I shall enter at the same

gate through which I came with my mother， when ， after my father's death，

she left that delightful retreat to immure herself in your melancholy

town. Adieu ， my dear friend ： you shall hear of my future career.

MAY 9. I have paid my visit to my native place with all the devotion

of a pilgrim， and have experienced many unexpected emotions. Near the

great elm tree， which is a quarter of a league from the village， I got

out of the carriage ， and sent it on before， that alone ， and on foot，

I might enjoy vividly and heartily all the pleasure of my recollections.

I stood there under that same elm which was formerly the term and object

of my walks. How things have since changed！ Then ， in happy ignorance，

I sighed for a world I did not know ， where I hoped to find every pleasure

and enjoyment which my heart could desire ； and now， on my return from

that wide world ， O my friend， how many disappointed hopes and unsuccessful

plans have I brought back ！

As I contemplated the mountains which lay stretched out before me ，

I thought how often they had been the object of my dearest desires. Here

used I to sit for hours together with my eyes bent upon them， ardently

longing to wander in the shade of those woods ， to lose myself in those

valleys ， which form so delightful an object in the distance. With what

reluctance did I leave this charming spot ； when my hour of recreation

was over， and my leave of absence expired！ I drew near to the village

： all the well-known old summerhouses and gardens were recognised again

； I disliked the new ones， and all other alterations which had taken

place. I entered the village， and all my former feelings returned. I

cannot， my dear friend ， enter into details ， charming as were my sensations

： they would be dull in the narration. I had intended to lodge in the

market-place， near our old house. As soon as I entered ， I perceived

that the schoolroom ， where our childhood had been taught by that good

old woman ， was converted into a shop. I called to mind the sorrow ，

the heaviness ， the tears， and oppression of heart， which I experienced

in that confinement. Every step produced some particular impression. A

pilgrim in the Holy Land does not meet so many spots pregnant with tender

recollections ， and his soul is hardly moved with greater devotion. One

incident will serve for illustration. I followed the course of a stream

to a farm ， formerly a delightful walk of mine ， and paused at the spot，

where ， when boys， we used to amuse ourselves making ducks and drakes

upon the water. I recollected so well how I used formerly to watch the

course of that same stream， following it with inquiring eagerness， forming

romantic ideas of the countries it was to pass through； but my imagination

was soon exhausted： while the water continued flowing farther and farther

on， till my fancy became bewildered by the contemplation of an invisible

distance. Exactly such， my dear friend ， so happy and so confined ，

were the thoughts of our good ancestors. Their feelings and their poetry

were fresh as childhood. And， when Ulysses talks of the immeasurable

sea and boundless earth ， his epithets are true， natural， deeply felt，

and mysterious. Of what importance is it that I have learned， with every

schoolboy ， that the world is round？ Man needs but little earth for

enjoyment ， and still less for his final repose.

I am at present with the prince at his hunting lodge. He is a man

with whom one can live happily. He is honest and unaffected. There are，

however ， some strange characters about him， whom I cannot at all understand.

They do not seem vicious， and yet they do not carry the appearance of

thoroughly honest men. Sometimes I am disposed to believe them honest ，

and yet I cannot persuade myself to confide in them. It grieves me to

hear the prince occasionally talk of things which he has only read or

heard of， and always with the same view in which they have been represented

by others.

He values my understanding and talents more highly than my heart，

but I am proud of the latter only. It is the sole source of everything

of our strength ， happiness， and misery. All the knowledge I possess

every one else can acquire， but my heart is exclusively my own.

MAY 25. I have had a plan in my head of which I did not intend to

speak to you until it was accomplished： now that it has failed ， I may

as well mention it. I wished to enter the army， and had long been desirous

of taking the step. This， indeed ， was the chief reason for my coming

here with the prince， as he is a general in the service. I communicated

my design to him during one of our walks together. He disapproved of it，

and it would have been actual madness not to have listened to his reasons.

JUNE 11. Say what you will， I can remain here no longer. Why should

I remain？ Time hangs heavy upon my hands. The prince is as gracious to

me as any one could be， and yet I am not at my ease. There is， indeed，

nothing in common between us. He is a man of understanding， but quite

of the ordinary kind. His conversation affords me no more amusement than

I should derive from the perusal of a well-written book. I shall remain

here a week Ionger， and then start again on my travels. My drawings are

the best things I have done since I came here. The prince has a taste

for the arts， and would improve if his mind were not fettered by cold

rules and mere technical ideas. I often lose patience ， when ， with

a glowing imagination ， I am giving expression to art and nature ， he

interferes with learned suggestions ， and uses at random the technical

phraseology of artists.

JULY 16. Once more I am a wanderer， a pilgrim， through the world.

But what else are you ！

JULY 18. Whither am I going ？ I will tell you in confidence. I am

obliged to continue a fortnight longer here ， and then I think it would

be better for me to visit the mines in——。 But I am only deluding myself

thus. The fact is ， I wish to be near Charlotte again， that is all.

I smile at the suggestions of my heart， and obey its dictates.

JULY 29. No ， no ！ it is yet well all is well ！ I her husband！

O God ， who gave me being， if thou hadst destined this happiness for

me， my whole life would have been one continual thanksgiving ！ But I

will not murmur —— forgive these tears， forgive these fruitless wishes.

She —— my wife！ Oh ， the very thought of folding that dearest of Heaven's

creatures in my arms！ Dear Wilhelm ， my whole frame feels convulsed

when I see Albert put his arms around her slender waist ！

And shall I avow it ？ Why should I not ， Wilhelm？ She would have

been happier with me than with him. Albert is not the man to satisfy the

wishes of such a heart. He wants a certain sensibility； he wants ——

in short， their hearts do not beat in unison. How often， my dear friend，

im reading a passage from some interesting book ， when my heart and Charlotte's

seemed to meet， and in a hundred other instances when our sentiments

were unfolded by the story of some fictitious character ， have I felt

that we were made for each other！ But， dear Wilhelm ， he loves her

with his whole soul ； and what does not such a love deserve？

I have been interrupted by an insufferable visit. I have dried my

tears ， and composed my thoughts. Adieu， my best friend ！

AUGUST 4. I am not alone unfortunate. All men are disappointed in

their hopes ， and deceived in their expectations. I have paid a visit

to my good old woman under the lime-trees. The eldest boy ran out to meet

me： his exclamation of joy brought out his mother， but she had a very

melancholy look. Her first word was ， "Alas！ dear sir ， my little John

is dead." He was the youngest of her children. I was silent. "And my husband

has returned from Switzerland without any money ； and， if some kind

people had not assisted him ， he must have begged his way home. He was

taken ill with fever on his journey." I could answer nothing， but made

the little one a present. She invited me to take some fruit ： I complied，

and left the place with a sorrowful heart.

AUGUST 21. My sensations are constantly changing. Sometimes a happy

prospect opens before me； but alas ！ it is only for a moment； and then，

when I am lost in reverie ， I cannot help saying to myself ， "If Albert

were to die ？—— Yes， she would become —— and I should be" —— and

so I pursue a chimera ， till it leads me to the edge of a precipice at

which I shudder.

When I pass through the same gate ， and walk along the same road

which first conducted me to Charlotte ， my heart sinks within me at the

change that has since taken place. All， all， is altered ！ No sentiment，

no pulsation of my heart， is the same. My sensations are such as would

occur to some departed prince whose spirit should return to visit the

superb palace which he had built in happy times ， adorned with costly

magnificence， and left to a beloved son， but whose glory he should find

departed， and its halls deserted and in ruins.

SEPTEMBER 3. I sometimes cannot understand how she can love another，

how she dares love another， when I love nothing in this world so completely，

so devotedly， as I love her， when I know only her ， and have no other

possession.

SEPTEMBER 4. It is even so！ As nature puts on her autumn tints it

becomes autumn with me and around me. My leaves are sere and yellow ，

and the neighbouring trees are divested of their foliage. Do you remember

my writing to you about a peasant boy shortly after my arrival here ？

I have just made inquiries about him in Walheim. They say he has been

dismissed from his service， and is now avoided by every one. I met him

yesterday on the road ， going to a neighbouring village. I spoke to him，

and he told me his story. It interested me exceedingly， as you will easily

understand when I repeat it to you. But why should I trouble you？ Why

should I not reserve all my sorrow for myself ？ Why should I continue

to give you occasion to pity and blame me ？ But no matter： this also

is part of my destiny.

At first the peasant lad answered my inquiries with a sort of subdued

melancholy， which seemed to me the mark of a timid disposition ； but，

as we grew to understand each other ， he spoke with less reserve ， and

openly confessed his faults ， and lamented his misfortune. I wish， my

dear friend ， I could give proper expression to his language. He told

me with a sort of pleasurable recollection， that ， after my departure，

his passion for his mistress increased daily， until at last he neither

knew what he did nor what he said ， nor what was to become of him. He

could neither eat nor drink nor sleep ： he felt a sense of suffocation

； he disobeyed all orders， and forgot all commands involuntarily； he

seemed as if pursued by an evil spirit， till one day ， knowing that

his mistress had gone to an upper chamber ， he had followed， or ， rather，

been drawn after her. As she proved deaf to his entreaties， he had recourse

to violence. He knows not what happened ； but he called God to witness

that his intentions to her were honourable， and that he desired nothing

more sincerely than that they should marry， and pass their lives together.

When he had come to this point， he began to hesitate ， as if there was

something which he had not courage to utter ， till at length he acknowledged

with some confusion certain little confidences she had encouraged ， and

liberties she had allowed. He broke off two or three times in his narration，

and assured me most earnestly that he had no wish to make her bad ， as

he termed it， for he loved her still as sincerely as ever； that the

tale had never before escaped his lips， and was only now told to convince

me that he was not utterly lost and abandoned. And here ， my dear friend，

I must commence the old song which you know I utter eternally. If I could

only represent the man as he stood， and stands now before me ， could

I only give his true expressions， you would feel compelled to sympathise

in his fate. But enough ： you， who know my misfortune and my disposition，

can easily comprehend the attraction which draws me toward every unfortunate

being ， but particularly toward him whose story I have recounted.

On perusing this letter a second time ， I find I have omitted the

conclusion of my tale ； but it is easily supplied. She became reserved

toward him， at the instigation of her brother who had long hated him ，

and desired his expulsion from the house， fearing that his sister's second

marriage might deprive his children of the handsome fortune they expected

from her； as she is childless. He was dismissed at length； and the whole

affair occasioned so much scandal ， that the mistress dared not take

him back， even if she had wished it. She has since hired another servant，

with whom ， they say ， her brother is equally displeased， and whom

she is likely to marry； but my informant assures me that he himself is

determined not to survive such a catastrophe.

This story is neither exaggerated nor embellished ： indeed ， I have

weakened and impaired it in the narration ， by the necessity of using

the more refined expressions of society.

This love ， then ， this constancy ， this passion ， is no poetical

fiction. It is actual ， and dwells in its greatest purity amongst that

class of mankind whom we term rude， uneducated. We are the educated，

not the perverted. But read this story with attention ， I implore you.

I am tranquil to-day， for I have been employed upon this narration ：

you see by my writing that I am not so agitated as usual. I read and re-read

this tale ， Wilhelm： it is the history of your friend ！ My fortune

has been and will be similar； and I am neither half so brave nor half

so determined as the poor wretch with whom I hesitate to compare myself.

SEPTEMBER 5. Charlotte had written a letter to her husband in the

country ， where he was detained by business. It commenced， "My dearest

love， return as soon as possible ： I await you with a thousand raptures."

A friend who arrived， brought word ， that ， for certain reasons， he

could not return immediately. Charlotte's letter was not forwarded， and

the same evening it fell into my hands. I read it ， and smiled. She asked

the reason. "What a heavenly treasure is imagination：" I exclaimed ；

"I fancied for a moment that this was written to me." She paused， and

seemed displeased. I was silent.

SEPTEMBER 6. It cost me much to part with the blue coat which I wore

the first time I danced with Charlotte. But I could not possibly wear

it any longer. But I have ordered a new one ， precisely similar， even

to the collar and sleeves ， as well as a new waistcoat and pantaloons.

But it does not produce the same effect upon me. I know not how it

is， but I hope in time I shall like it better.

SEPTEMBER 12. She has been absent for some days. She went to meet

Albert. To-day I visited her： she rose to receive me ， and I kissed

her hand most tenderly.

A canary at the moment flew from a mirror ， and settled upon her

shoulder. "Here is a new friend ，" she observed， while she made him

perch upon her hand ： "he is a present for the children. What a dear

he is ！ Look at him！ When I feed him， he flutters with his wings ，

and pecks so nicely. He kisses me ， too， only look！"

She held the bird to her mouth； and he pressed her sweet lips with

so much fervour that he seemed to feel the excess of bliss which he enjoyed.

"He shall kiss you too，" she added ； and then she held the bird

toward me. His little beak moved from her mouth to mine ， and the delightful

sensation seemed like the forerunner of the sweetest bliss.

"A kiss ，" I observed， "does not seem to satisfy him： he wishes

for food， and seems disappointed by these unsatisfactory endearments."

"But he eats out of my mouth，" she continued ， and extended her

lips to him containing seed ； and she smiled with all the charm of a

being who has allowed an innocent participation of her love.

I turned my face away. She should not act thus. She ought not to excite

my imagination with such displays of heavenly innocence and happiness ，

nor awaken my heart from its slumbers ， in which it dreams of the worthlessness

of life ！ And why not？ Because she knows how much I love her.

SEPTEMBER 15. It makes me wretched， Wilhelm， to think that there

should be men incapable of appreciating the few things which possess a

real value in life. You remember the walnut trees at S——， under which

I used to sit with Charlotte， during my visits to the worthy old vicar.

Those glorious trees， the very sight of which has so often filled my

heart with joy， how they adorned and refreshed the parsonage yard， with

their wide-extended branches！ and how pleasing was our remembrance of

the good old pastor ， by whose hands they were planted so many years

ago ： The schoolmaster has frequently mentioned his name. He had it from

his grandfather. He must have been a most excellent man ； and， under

the shade of those old trees， his memory was ever venerated by me. The

schoolmaster informed us yesterday， with tears in his eyes ， that those

trees had been felled. Yes， cut to the ground！ I could， in my wrath，

have slain the monster who struck the first stroke. And I must endure

this！—— I， who， if I had had two such trees in my own court， and

one had died from old age ， should have wept with real affliction. But

there is some comfort left， such a thing is sentiment， the whole village

murmurs at the misfortune ； and I hope the vicar's wife will soon find，

by the cessation of the villagers' presents ， how much she has wounded

the feelings of the neighborhhood. It was she who did it， the wife of

the present incumbent （our good old man is dead）， a tall ， sickly

creature who is so far right to disregard the world ， as the world totally

disregards her. The silly being affects to be learned ， pretends to examine

the canonical books ， lends her aid toward the new-fashioned reformation

of Christendom， moral and critical ， and shrugs up her shoulders at

the mention of Lavater's enthusiasm. Her health is destroyed， on account

of which she is prevented from having any enjoyment here below. Only such

a creature could have cut down my walnut trees！ I can never pardon it.

Hear her reasons. The falling leaves made the court wet and dirty ； the

branches obstructed the light ； boys threw stones at the nuts when they

were ripe ， and the noise affected her nerves； and disturbed her profound

meditations ， when she was weighing the diffculties of Kennicot， Semler，

and Michaelis. Finding that all the parish， particularly the old people，

were displeased ， I asked "why they allowed it ？" "Ah ， sir！" they

replied ， "when the steward orders ， what can we poor peasants do ？

" But one thing has happened well. The steward and the vicar（who ， for

once， thought to reap some advantage from the caprices of his wife ）

intended to divide the trees between them. The revenue-office ， being

informed of it， revived an old claim to the ground where the trees had

stood ， and sold them to the best bidder. There they still lie on the

ground. If I were the sovereign ， I should know how to deal with them

all ， vicar， steward， and revenue-office. Sovereign， did I say？ I

should， in that case ， care little about the trees that grew in the

country.

OCTOBER 10. Only to gaze upon her dark eyes is to me a source of happiness！

And what grieves me ， is ， that Albert does not seem so happy as he

—— hoped to be—— as I should have been—— if —— I am no friend

to these pauses ， but here I cannot express it otherwise ； and probably

I am explicit enough.

OCTOBER 12. Ossian has superseded Homer in my heart. To what a world

does the illustrious bard carry me！ To wander over pathless wilds， surrounded

by impetuous whirlwinds ， where， by the feeble light of the moon， we

see the spirits of our ancestors； to hear from the mountain-tops ， mid

the roar of torrents， their plaintive sounds issuing from deep caverns，

and the sorrowful lamentations of a maiden who sighs and expires on the

mossy tomb of the warrior by whom she was adored. I meet this bard with

silver hair ； he wanders in the valley ； he seeks the footsteps of his

fathers ， and， alas ！ he finds only their tombs. Then， contemplating

the pale moon ， as she sinks beneath the waves of the rolling sea， the

memory of bygone days strikes the mind of the hero， days when approaching

danger invigorated the brave， and the moon shone upon his bark laden

with spoils ， and returning in triumph. When I read in his countenance

deep sorrow ， when I see his dying glory sink exhausted into the grave，

as he inhales new and heart-thrilling delight from his approaching union

with his beloved， and he casts a look on the cold earth and the tall

grass which is so soon to cover him ， and then exclaims， "The traveller

will come ，—— he will come who has seen my beauty， and he will ask，

'Where is the bard， where is the illustrious son of Fingal ？' He will

walk over my tomb ， and will seek me in vain ！" Then， O my friend，

I could instantly ， like a true and noble knight ， draw my sword， and

deliver my prince from the long and painful languor of a living death ，

and dismiss my own soul to follow the demigod whom my hand had set free！

OCTOBER 19. Alas！ the void the fearful void， which I feel in my

bosom ！ Sometimes I think， if I could only once but once， press her

to my heart ， this dreadful void would be filled.

OCTOBER 26. Yes ， I feel certain ， Wilhelm， and every day I become

more certain， that the existence of any being whatever is of very little

consequence. A friend of Charlotte's called to see her just now. I withdrew

into a neighbouring apartment ， and took up a book ； but， finding I

could not read， I sat down to write. I heard them converse in an undertone

： they spoke upon indifferent topics ， and retailed the news of the

town. One was going to be married ； another was ill， very ill ， she

had a dry cough ， her face was growing thinner daily ， and she had occasional

fits. "N—— is very unwell too ，" said Charlotte. "His limbs begin to

swell already ，" answered the other； and my lively imagination carried

me at once to the beds of the infirm. There I see them struggling against

death ， with all the agonies of pain and horror； and these women， Wilhelm，

talk of all this with as much indifference as one would mention the death

of a stranger. And when I look around the apartment where I now am——

when I see Charlotte's apparel lying before me， and Albert's writings，

and all those articles of furniture which are so familiar to me ， even

to the very inkstand which I am using ，—— when I think what I am to

this family —— everything. My friends esteem me ； I often contribute

to their happiness， and my heart seems as if it could not beat without

them； and yet—— if I were to die ， if I were to be summoned from the

midst of this circle， would they feel—— or how long would they feel

the void which my loss would make in their existence？ How long ！ Yes，

such is the frailty of man， that even there， where he has the greatest

consciousness of his own being， where he makes the strongest and most

forcible impression ， even in the memory ， in the heart ， of his beloved，

there also he must perish ，—— vanish ，—— and that quickly.

OCTOBER 27. I could tear open my bosom with vexation to think how

little we are capable of influencing the feelings of each other. No one

can communicate to me those sensations of love， joy， rapture， and delight

which I do not naturally possess； and， though my heart may glow with

the most lively affection ， I cannot make the happiness of one in whom

the same warmth is not inherent.

OCTOBER 27： Evening. I possess so much ， but my love for her absorbs

it all. I possess so much ， but without her I have nothing.

OCTOBER 30. One hundred times have I been on the point of embracing

her. Heavens！ what a torment it is to see so much loveliness passing

and repassing before us ， and yet not dare to lay hold of it ！ And laying

hold is the most natural of human instincts. Do not children touch everything

they see？ And I！

NOVEMBER 3. Witness ， Heaven ， how often I lie down in my bed with

a wish， and even a hope， that I may never awaken again. And in the morning，

when I open my eyes ， I behold the sun once more ， and am wretched.

If I were whimsical ， I might blame the weather， or an acquaintance ，

or some personal disappointment ， for my discontented mind ； and then

this insupportable load of trouble would not rest entirely upon myself.

But ， alas ！ I feel it too sadly. I am alone the cause of my own woe，

am I not？ Truly， my own bosom contains the source of all my sorrow，

as it previously contained the source of all my pleasure. Am I not the

same being who once enjoyed an excess of happiness， who， at every step，

saw paradise open before him， and whose heart was ever expanded toward

the whole world ？ And this heart is now dead ， no sentiment can revive

it； my eyes are dry； and my senses， no more refreshed by the influence

of soft tears ， wither and consume my brain. I suffer much ， for I have

lost the only charm of life ： that active， sacred power which created

worlds around me，—— it is no more. When I look from my window at the

distant hills ， and behold the morning sun breaking through the mists，

and illuminating the country around ， which is still wrapped in silence，

whilst the soft stream winds gently through the willows ， which have

shed their leaves ； when glorious nature displays all her beauties before

me， and her wondrous prospects are ineffectual to extract one tear of

joy from my withered heart， I feel that in such a moment I stand like

a reprobate before heaven ， hardened ， insensible ， and unmoved. Oftentimes

do I then bend my knee to the earth ， and implore God for the blessing

of tears， as the desponding labourer in some scorching climate prays

for the dews of heaven to moisten his parched corn. But I feel that God

does not grant sunshine or rain to our importunate entreaties. And oh ，

those bygone days ， whose memory now torments me ！ why were they so

fortunate ？ Because I then waited with patience for the blessings of

the Eternal ， and received his gifts with the grateful feelings of a

thankful heart.

NOVEMBER 8. Charlotte has reproved me for my excesses ， with so much

tenderness and goodness ！ I have lately been in the habit of drinking

more wine than heretofore. "Don't do it ，" she said. "Think of Charlotte！

" "Think of you ！" I answered； "need you bid me do so ？ Think of you

—— I do not think of you： you are ever before my soul！ This very morning

I sat on the spot where ， a few days ago ， you descended from the carriage，

and ——" She immediately changed the subject to prevent me from pursuing

it farther. My dear friend， my energies are all prostrated ： she can

do with me what she pleases.

NOVEMBER 15. I thank you， Wilhelm， for your cordial sympathy， for

your excellent advice ； and I implore you to be quiet. Leave me to my

sufferings. In spite of my wretchedness ， I have still strength enough

for endurance. I revere religion—— you know I do. I feel that it can

impart strength to the feeble and comfort to the afflicted， but does

it affect all men equally ？ Consider this vast universe： you will see

thousands for whom it has never existed ， thousands for whom it will

never exist ， whether it be preached to them ， or not ； and must it，

then， necessarily exist for me ？ Does not the Son of God himself say

that they are his whom the Father has given to him？ Have I been given

to him？ What if the Father will retain me for himself， as my heart sometimes

suggests？ I pray you ， do not misinterpret this. Do not extract derision

from my harmless words. I pour out my whole soul before you. Silence were

otherwise preferable to me， but I need not shrink from a subject of which

few know more than I do myself. What is the destiny of man， but to fill

up the measure of his sufferings， and to drink his allotted cup of bitterness？

And if that same cup proved bitter to the God of heaven ， under a human

form， why should I affect a foolish pride， and call it sweet？ Why should

I be ashamed of shrinking at that fearful moment， when my whole being

will tremble between existence and annihilation ， when a remembrance

of the past ， like a flash of lightning， will illuminate the dark gulf

of futurity ， when everything shall dissolve around me ， and the whole

world vanish away ？ Is not this the voice of a creature oppressed beyond

all resource， self-deficient ， about to plunge into inevitable destruction，

and groaning deeply at its inadequate strength， "My God！ my God ！ why

hast thou forsaken me ？" And should I feel ashamed to utter the same

expression？ Should I not shudder at a prospect which had its fears ，

even for him who folds up the heavens like a garment？

NOVEMBER 21. She does not feel， she does not know， that she is preparing

a poison which will destroy us both ； and I drink deeply of the draught

which is to prove my destruction. What mean those looks of kindness with

which she often —— often？ no ， not often， but sometimes， regards

me， that complacency with which she hears the involuntary sentiments

which frequently escape me， and the tender pity for my sufferings which

appears in her countenance？

Yesterday ， when I took leave she seized me by the hand， and said，

"Adieu， dear Werther." Dear Werther！ It was the first time she ever

called me dear： the sound sunk deep into my heart. I have repeated it

a hundred times ； and last night ， on going to bed， and talking to

myself of various things， I suddenly said， "Good night， dear Werther

！" and then could not but laugh at myself.

NOVEMBER 22. I cannot pray， "Leave her to me ！" and yet she often

seems to belong to me. I cannot pray， "Give her to me！" for she is another's.

In this way I affect mirth over my troubles ； and， if I had time， I

could compose a whole litany of antitheses.

NOVEMBER 24. She is sensible of my sufferings. This morning her look

pierced my very soul. I found her alone ， and she was silent ： she steadfastly

surveyed me. I no longer saw in her face the charms of beauty or the fire

of genius ： these had disappeared. But I was affected by an expression

much more touching， a look of the deepest sympathy and of the softest

pity. Why was I afraid to throw myself at her feet？ Why did I not dare

to take her in my arms， and answer her by a thousand kisses？ She had

recourse to her piano for relief， and in a low and sweet voice accompanied

the music with delicious sounds. Her lips never appeared so lovely： they

seemed but just to open ， that they might imbibe the sweet tones which

issued from the instrument， and return the heavenly vibration from her

lovely mouth. Oh！ who can express my sensations？ I was quite overcome，

and ， bending down ， pronounced this vow： "Beautiful lips， which the

angels guard， never will I seek to profane your purity with a kiss."

And yet ， my friend， oh ， I wish —— but my heart is darkened by doubt

and indecision—— could I but taste felicity ， and then die to expiate

the sin ！ What sin ？

NOVEMBER 26. Oftentimes I say to myself ， "Thou alone art wretched

： all other mortals are happy， none are distressed like thee！" Then

I read a passage in an ancient poet ， and I seem to understand my own

heart. I have so much to endure ！ Have men before me ever been so wretched？

NOVEMBER 30. I shall never be myself again！ Wherever I go， some

fatality occurs to distract me. Even to-day alas—— for our destiny！

alas for human nature ！

About dinner-time I went to walk by the river-side， for I had no

appetite. Everything around seemed gloomy ： a cold and damp easterly

wind blew from the mountains， and black， heavy clouds spread over the

plain. I observed at a distance a man in a tattered coat： he was wandering

among the rocks ， and seemed to be looking for plants. When I approached，

he turned round at the noise； and I saw that he had an interesting countenance

in which a settled melancholy ， strongly marked by benevolence ， formed

the principal feature. His long black hair was divided， and flowed over

his shoulders. As his garb betokened a person of the lower order， I thought

he would not take it ill if I inquired about his business ； and I therefore

asked what he was seeking. He replied ， with a deep sigh ， that he was

looking for flowers ， and could find none. "But it is not the season ，

" I observed， with a smile. "Oh， there are so many flowers！" he answered，

as he came nearer to me. "In my garden there are roses and honeysuckles

of two sorts： one sort was given to me by my father！ they grow as plentifully

as weeds； I have been looking for them these two days， and cannot find

them. There are flowers out there ， yellow ， blue ， and red； and that

centaury has a very pretty blossom： but I can find none of them." I observed

his peculiarity ， and therefore asked him， with an air of indifference，

what he intended to do with his flowers. A strange smile overspread his

countenance. Holding his finger to his mouth， he expressed a hope that

I would not betray him； and he then informed me that he had promised

to gather a nosegay for his mistress. "That is right，" said I. "Oh ！

" he replied， "she possesses many other things as well ： she is very

rich." "And yet ，" I continued ， "she likes your nosegays." "Oh ， she

has jewels and crowns ！" he exclaimed. I asked who she was. "If the states-general

would but pay me，" he added， "I should be quite another man. Alas ！

there was a time when I was so happy； but that is past ， and I am now

——" He raised his swimming eyes to heaven. "And you were happy once ？

" I observed. "Ah ， would I were so still！" was his reply. "I was then

as gay and contented as a man can be." An old woman ， who was coming

toward us ， now called out ， "Henry ， Henry！ where are you？ We have

been looking for you everywhere ： come to dinner." "Is he your son ？

" I inquired， as I went toward her. "Yes ，" she said： "he is my poor，

unfortunate son. The Lord has sent me a heavy affliction." I asked whether

he had been long in this state. She answered， "He has been as calm as

he is at present for about six months. I thank Heaven that he has so far

recovered ： he was for one whole year quite raving ， and chained down

in a madhouse. Now he injures no one， but talks of nothing else than

kings and queens. He used to be a very good ， quiet youth， and helped

to maintain me； he wrote a very fine hand； but all at once he became

melancholy， was seized with a violent fever， grew distracted， and is

now as you see. If I were only to tell you， sir——" I interrupted her

by asking what period it was in which he boasted of having been so happy.

"Poor boy ！" she exclaimed ， with a smile of cormpassion， "he means

the time when he was completely deranged， a time he never ceases to regret，

when he was in the madhouse ， and unconscious of everything." I was thunderstruck

： I placed a piece of money in her hand， and hastened away.

"You were happy ！" I exclaimed ， as I returned quickly to the town，

"'as gay and contented as a man can be！'" God of heaven！ and is this

the destiny of man？ Is he only happy before he has acquired his reason，

or after he has lost it ？ Unfortunate being！ And yet I envy your fate

： I envy the delusion to which you are a victim. You go forth with joy

to gather flowers for your princess ，—— in winter，—— and grieve

when you can find none， and cannot understand why they do not grow. But

I wander forth without joy， without hope ， without design ； and I return

as I came. You fancy what a man you would be if the states general paid

you. Happy mortal ， who can ascribe your wretchedness to an earthly cause！

You do not know ， you do not feel， that in your own distracted heart

and disordered brain dwells the source of that unhappiness which all the

potentates on earth cannot relieve.

Let that man die unconsoled who can deride the invalid for undertaking

a journey to distant， healthful springs， where he often finds only a

heavier disease and a more painful death， or who can exult over the despairing

mind of a sinner， who， to obtain peace of conscience and an alleviation

of misery ， makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre. Each laborious

step which galls his wounded feet in rough and untrodden paths pours a

drop of balm into his troubled soul ， and the journey of many a weary

day brings a nightly relief to his anguished heart. Will you dare call

this enthusiasm ， ye crowd of pompous declaimers ？ Enthusiasm ！ 0 God！

thou seest my tears. Thou hast allotted us our portion of misery： must

we also have brethren to persecute us ， to deprive us of our consolation，

of our trust in thee， and in thy love and mercy？ For our trust in the

virtue of the healing root， or in the strength of the vine ， what is

it else than a belief in thee from whom all that surrounds us derives

its healing and restoring powers？ Father ， whom I know not，—— who

wert once wont to fill my soul， but who now hidest thy face from me，

—— call me back to thee ； be silent no longer； thy silence shall not

delay a soul which thirsts after thee. What man ， what father， could

be angry with a son for returning to him suddenly ， for falling on his

neck， and exclaiming ， "I am here again ， my father！ forgive me if

I have anticipated my journey ， and returned before the appointed time！

The world is everywhere the same，—— a scene of labour and pain ， of

pleasure and reward ； but what does it all avail ？ I am happy only where

thou art， and in thy presence am I content to suffer or enjoy." And wouldst

thou， heavenly Father， banish such a child from thy presence？

DECEMBER 1. Wilhelm ， the man about whom I wrote to you—— that

man so enviable in his misfortunes—— was secretary to Charlotte's father

； and an unhappy passion for her which he cherished， concealed， and

at length discovered， caused him to be dismissed from his situation.

This made him mad. Think， whilst you peruse this plain narration ， what

an impression the circumstance has made upon me ！ But it was related

to me by Albert with as much calmness as you will probably peruse it.

DECEMBER 4. I implore your attention. It is all over with me. I can

support this state no longer. To-day I was sitting by Charlotte. She was

playing upon her piano a succession of delightful melodies， with such

intense expression！ Her little sister was dressing her doll upon my lap.

The tears came into my eyes. I leaned down， and looked intently at her

wedding-ring： my tears fell—— immediately she began to play that favourite，

that divine ， air which has so often enchanted me. I felt comfort from

a recollection of the past， of those bygone days when that air was familiar

to me ； and then I recalled all the sorrows and the disappointments which

I had since endured. I paced with hasty strides through the room， my

heart became convulsed with painful emotions. At length I went up to her，

and exclaimed With eagerness， "For Heaven's sake ， play that air no

longer！" She stopped ， and looked steadfastly at me. She then said，

with a smile which sunk deep into my heart， "Werther ， you are ill：

your dearest food is distasteful to you. But go ， I entreat you， and

endeavour to compose yourself." I tore myself away. God ， thou seest

my torments ， and wilt end them！

DECEMBER 6. How her image haunts me ！ Waking or asleep ， she fills

my entire soul！ Soon as I close my eyes， here ， in my brain， where

all the nerves of vision are concentrated ， her dark eyes are imprinted.

Here—— I do not know how to describe it ； but， if I shut my eyes，

hers are immediately before me： dark as an abyss they open upon me ，

and absorb my senses.

And what is man —— that boasted demigod ？ Do not his powers fail

when he most requires their use ？ And whether he soar in joy ， or sink

in sorrow ， is not his career in both inevitably arrested？ And， whilst

he fondly dreams that he is grasping at infinity， does he not feel compelled

to return to a consciousness of his cold， monotonous existence ？

THE EDITOR TO THE READER.

It is a matter of extreme regret that we want original evidence of

the last remarkable days of our friend； and we are ， therefore， obliged

to interrupt the progress of his correspondence ， and to supply the deficiency

by a connected narration.

I have felt it my duty to collect accurate information from the mouths

of persons well acquainted with his history. The story is simple； and

all the accounts agree， except in some unimportant particulars. It is

true， that ， with respect to the characters of the persons spoken of，

opinions and judgments vary.

We have only， then ， to relate conscientiously the facts which our

diligent labour has enabled us to collect ， to give the letters of the

deceased， and to pay particular attention to the slightest fragment from

his pen ， more especially as it is so difficult to discover the real

and correct motives of men who are not of the common order.

Sorrow and discontent had taken deep root in Werther's soul ， and

gradually imparted their character to his whole being. The harmony of

his mind became completely disturbed； a perpetual excitement and mental

irritation， which weakened his natural powers， produced the saddest

etfects upon him， and rendered him at length the victim of an exhaustion

against which he struggled with still more painful efforts than he had

displayed ， even in contending with his other misfortunes. His mental

anxiety weakened his various good qualities ； and he was soon converted

into a gloomy companion ， always unhappy and unjust in his ideas ， the

more wretched he became. This was ， at least ， the opinion of Albert's

friends. They assert， moreover ， that the character of Albert himself

had undergone no change in the meantime ： he was still the same being

whom Werther had loved， honoured ， and respected from the commencement.

His love for Charlotte was unbounded： he was proud of her， and desired

that she should be recognised by every one as the noblest of created beings.

Was he， however， to blame for wishing to avert from her every appearance

of suspicion？ or for his unwillingness to share his rich prize with another，

even for a moment ， and in the most innocent manner？ It is asserted

that Albert frequently retired from his wife's apartment during Werther's

visits； but this did not arise from hatred or aversion to his friend ，

but only from a feeling that his presence was oppressive to Werther.

Charlotte's father， who was confined to the house by indisposition，

was accustomed to send his carriage for her ， that she might make excursions

in the neighbourhood. One day the weather had been unusually severe ，

and the whole country was covered with snow.

Werther went for Charlotte the following morning， in order that，

if Albert were absent ， he might conduct her home.

The beautiful weather produced but little impression on his troubled

spirit. A heavy weight lay upon his soul， deep melancholy had taken possession

of him， and his mind knew no change save from one painful thought to

another.

As he now never enjoyed internal peace， the condition of his fellow

creatures was to him a perpetual source of trouble and distress. He believed

he had disturbed the happiness of Albert and his wife ； and， whilst

he censured himself strongly for this ， he began to entertain a secret

dislike to Albert.

His thoughts were occasionally directed to this point. "Yes ，" he

would repeat to himself ， with ill-concealed dissatisfaction ， "yes ，

this is ， after all， the extent of that confiding ， dear ， tender ，

and sympathetic love， that calm and eternal fidelity ！ What do I behold

but satiety and indifference？ Does not every frivolous engagement attract

him more than his charming and lovely wife？ Does he know how to prize

his happiness ？ Can he value her as she deserves ？ He possesses her ，

it is true， I know that， as I know much more， and I have become accustomed

to the thought that he will drive me mad， or ， perhaps， murder me.

Is his friendship toward me unimpaired？ Does he not view my attachment

to Charlotte as an infringement upon his rights ， and consider my attention

to her as a silent rebuke to himself？ I know ， and indeed feel， that

he dislikes me， that he wishes for my absence， that my presence is hateful

to him."

He would often pause when on his way to visit Charlotte ， stand still，

as though in doubt， and seem desirous of returning ， but would nevertheless

proceed ； and， engaged in such thoughts and soliloquies as we have described，

he finally reached the hunting-lodge， with a sort of involuntary consent.

Upon one occasion he entered the house； and， inquiring for Charlotte，

he observed that the inmates were in a state of unusual confusion. The

eldest boy informed him that a dreadful misfortune had occurred at Walheim，

—— that a peasant had been murdered ！ But this made little impression

upon him. Entering the apartment， he found Charlotte engaged reasoning

with her father ， who， in spite of his infirmity， insisted on going

to the scene of the crime ， in order to institute an inquiry. The criminal

was unknown ； the victim had been found dead at his own door that morning.

Suspicions were excited ： the murdered man had been in the service of

a widow ， and the person who had previously filled the situation had

been dismissed from her employment.

As soon as Werther heard this ， he exclaimed with great excitement，

"Is it possible ！ I must go to the spot—— I cannot delay a moment！

" He hastened to Walheim. Every incident returned vividly to his remembrance

； and he entertained not the slightest doubt that that man was the murderer

to whom he had so often spoken， and for whom he entertained so much regard.

His way took him past the well-known lime trees ， to the house where

the body had been carried ； and his feelings were greatly excited at

the sight of the fondly recollected spot. That threshold where the neighbours'

children had so often played together was stained with blood； love and

attachment， the noblest feelings of human nature ， had been converted

into violence and murder. The huge trees stood there leafless and covered

with hoarfrost； the beautiful hedgerows which surrounded the old churchyard

wall were withered； and the gravestones， half covered with snow ， were

visible through the openings.

As he approached the inn， in front of which the whole village was

assembled ， screams were suddenly heard. A troop of armed peasants was

seen approaching， and every one exclaimed that the criminal had been

apprehended. Werther looked ， and was not long in doubt. The prisoner

was no other than the servant ， who had been formerly so attached to

the widow ， and whom he had met prowling about ， with that suppressed

anger and ill-concealed despair ， which we have before described.

"What have you done ， unfortunate man？" inquired Werther， as he

advanced toward the prisoner. The latter turned his eyes upon him in silence，

and then replied with perfect composure ； "No one will now marry her ，

and she will marry no one." The prisoner was taken into the inn ， and

Werther left the place. The mind of Werther was fearfully excited by this

shocking occurrence. He ceased， however， to be oppressed by his usual

feeling of melancholy ， moroseness ， and indifference to everything

that passed around him. He entertained a strong degree of pity for the

prisoner， and was seized with an indescribable anxiety to save him from

his impending fate. He considered him so unfortunate， he deemed his crime

so excusable， and thought his own condition so nearly similar， that

he felt convinced he could make every one else view the matter in the

light in which he saw it himself. He now became anxious to undertake his

defence ， and commenced composing an eloquent speech for the occasion

； and， on his way to the hunting-lodge， he could not refrain from speaking

aloud the statement which he resolved to make to the judge.

Upon his arrival， he found Albert had been before him： and he was

a little perplexed by this meeting； but he soon recovered himself， and

expressed his opinion with much warmth to the judge. The latter shook ，

his head doubtingly ； and although Werther urged his case with the utmost

zeal， feeling， and determination in defence of his client ， yet， as

we may easily suppose ， the judge was not much influenced by his appeal.

On the contrary ， he interrupted him in his address， reasoned with him

seriously ， and even administered a rebuke to him for becoming the advocate

of a murderer. He demonstrated， that ， according to this precedent，

every law might be violated ， and the public security utterly destroyed.

He added， moreover ， that in such a case he could himself do nothing，

without incurring the greatest responsibility ； that everything must

follow in the usual course， and pursue the ordinary channel.

Werther ， however， did not abandon his enterprise ， and even besought

the judge to connive at the flight of the prisoner. But this proposal

was peremptorily rejected. Albert ， who had taken some part in the discussion，

coincided in opinion with the judge. At this Werther became enraged ，

and took his leave in great anger ， after the judge had more than once

assured him that the prisoner could not be saved.

The excess of his grief at this assurance may be inferred from a note

we have found amongst his papers， and which was doubtless written upon

this very occasion.

"You cannot be saved， unfortunate man！ I see clearly that we cannot

be saved！"

Werther was highly incensed at the observations which Albert had made

to the judge in this matter of the prisoner. He thought he could detect

therein a little bitterness toward himself personally ； and although ，

upon reflection ， it could not escape his sound judgment that their view

of the matter was correct ， he felt the greatest possible reluctance

to make such an admission.

A memorandum of Werther's upon this point ， expressive of his general

feelings toward Albert， has been found amongst his papers.

"What is the use of my continually repeating that he is a good and

estimable man ？ He is an inward torment to me， and I am incapable of

being just toward him."

One fine evening in winter， when the weather seemed inclined to thaw，

Charlotte and Albert were returning home together. The former looked from

time to time about her， as if she missed Werther's company. Albert began

to speak of him ， and censured him for his prejudices. He alluded to

his unfortunate attachment， and wished it were possible to discontinue

his acquaintance. "I desire it on our own account ，" he added； "and

I request you will compel him to alter his deportment toward you， and

to visit you less frequently. The world is censorious ， and I know that

here and there we are spoken of." Charlotte made no reply ， and Albert

seemed to feel her silence. At least， from that time he never again spoke

of Werther； and， when she introduced the subject， he allowed the conversation

to die away ， or else he directed the discourse into another channel.

The vain attempt Werther had made to save the unhappy murderer was

the last feeble glimmering of a flame about to be extinguished. He sank

almost immediately afterward into a state of gloom and inactivity ， until

he was at length brought to perfect distraction by learning that he was

to be summoned as a witness against the prisoner， who asserted his complete

innocence.

His mind now became oppressed by the recollection of every misfortune

of his past life. The mortification he had suffered at the ambassador's，

and his subsequent troubles ， were revived in his memory. He became utterly

inactive. Destitute of energy ， he was cut off from every pursuit and

occupation which compose the business of common life； and he became a

victim to his own susceptibility， and to his restless passion for the

most amiable and beloved of women ， whose peace he destroyed. In this

unvarying monotony of existence his days were consumed； and his powers

became exhausted without aim or design， until they brought him to a sorrowful

end.

A few letters which he left behind， and which we here subjoin， afford

the best proofs of his anxiety of mind and of the depth of his passion，

as well as of his doubts and struggles， and of his weariness of life.

DECEMBER 12. Dear Wilhelm ， I am reduced to the condition of those

unfortunate wretches who believe they are pursued by an evil spirit. Sometimes

I am oppressed， not by apprehension or fear， but by an inexpressible

internal sensation， which weighs upon my heart ， and impedes my breath！

Then I wander forth at night， even in this tempestuous season， and feel

pleasure in surveying the dreadful scenes around me.

Yesterday evening I went forth. A rapid thaw had suddenly set in：

I had been informed that the river had risen， that the brooks had all

overflowed their banks， and that the whole vale of Walheim was under

water ！ Upon the stroke of twelve I hastened forth. I beheld a fearful

sight. The foaming torrents rolled from the mountains in the moonlight，

—— fields and meadows ， trees and hedges ， were confounded together

； and the entire valley was converted into a deep lake ， which was agitated

by the roaring wind ！ And when the moon shone forth， and tinged the

black clouds with silver， and the impetuous torrent at my feet foamed

and resounded with awful and grand impetuosity， I was overcome by a mingled

sensation of apprehension and delight. With extended arms I looked down

into the yawning abyss， and cried， "Plunge！'" For a moment my senses

forsook me， in the intense delight of ending my sorrows and my sufferings

by a plunge into that gulf！ And then I felt as if I were rooted to the

earth ， and incapable of seeking an end to my woes ！ But my hour is

not yet come： I feel it is not. O Wilhelm， how willingly could I abandon

my existence to ride the whirlwind， or to embrace the torrent！ and then

might not rapture perchance be the portion of this liberated soul ？

I turned my sorrowful eyes toward a favourite spot， where I was accustomed

to sit with Charlotte beneath a willow after a fatiguing walk. Alas ！

it was covered with water ， and with difficulty I found even the meadow.

And the fields around the hunting-lodge ， thought I. Has our dear bower

been destroyed by this unpitying storm？ And a beam of past happiness

streamed upon me， as the mind of a captive is illumined by dreams of

flocks and herds and bygone joys of home！ But I am free from blame. I

have courage to die ！ Perhaps I have ，—— but I still sit here ， like

a wretched pauper ， who collects fagots， and begs her bread from door

to door ， that she may prolong for a few days a miserable existence which

she is unwilling to resign.

DECEMBER 15. What is the matter with me ， dear Wilhelm ？ I am afraid

of myself ！ Is not my love for her of the purest ， most holy， and most

brotherly nature？ Has my soul ever been sullied by a single sensual desire？

but I will make no protestations. And now ， ye nightly visions ， how

truly have those mortals understood you ， who ascribe your various contradictory

effects to some invincible power！ This night I tremble at the avowal

—— I held her in my arms， locked in a close embrace： I pressed her

to my bosom ， and covered with countless kisses those dear lips which

murmured in reply soft protestations of love. My sight became confused

by the delicious intoxication of her eyes. Heavens！ is it sinful to revel

again in such happiness ， to recall once more those rapturous moments

with intense delight？ Charlotte！ Charlotte！ I am lost！ My senses are

bewildered， my recollection is confused， mine eyes are bathed in tears

—— I am ill ； and yet I am well—— I wish for nothing —— I have

no desires—— it were better I were gone.

Under the circumstances narrated above， a determination to quit this

world had now taken fixed possession of Werther's soul. Since Charlotte's

return， this thought had been the final object of all his hopes and wishes

； but he had resolved that such a step should not be taken with precipitation，

but with calmness and tranquillity， and with the most perfect deliberation.

His troubles and internal struggles may be understood from the following

fragment， which was found， without any date ， amongst his papers ，

and appears to have formed the beginning of a letter to Wilhelm.

"Her presence ， her fate ， her sympathy for me， have power still

to extract tears from my withered brain.

"One lifts up the curtain ， and passes to the other side ，—— that

is all！ And why all these doubts and delays？ Because we know not what

is behind —— because there is no returning—— and because our mind

infers that all is darkness and confusion ， where we have nothing but

uncertainty."

His appearance at length became quite altered by the effect of his

melancholy thoughts ； and his resolution was now finally and irrevocably

taken ， of which the following ambiguous letter， which he addressed

to his friend ， may appear to afford some proof.

DECEMBER 2O. I am grateful to your love ， Wilhelm， for having repeated

your advice so seasonably. Yes， you are right： it is undoubtedly better

that I should depart. But I do not entirely approve your scheme of returning

at once to your neighbourhood ； at least ， I should Iike to make a little

excursion on the way， particularly as we may now expect a continued frost，

and consequently good roads. I am much pleased with your intention of

coming to fetch me； only delay your journey for a fortnight， and wait

for another letter from me. One should gather nothing before it is ripe，

and a fortnight sooner or later makes a great difference. Entreat my mother

to pray for her son ， and tell her I beg her pardon for all the unhappiness

I have occasioned her. It has ever been my fate to give pain to those

whose happiness I should have promoted. Adieu ， my dearest friend. May

every blessing of Heaven attend you ！ Farewell.

We find it difficult to express the emotions with which Charlotte's

soul was agitated during the whole of this time ， whether in relation

to her husband or to her unfortunate friend ； although we are enabled，

by our knowledge of her character ， to understand their nature.

It is certain that she had formed a determination ， by every means

in her power to keep Werther at a distance； and， if she hesitated in

her decision， it was from a sincere feeling of friendly pity ， knowing

how much it would cost him， indeed ， that he would find it almost impossible

to comply with her wishes. But various causes now urged her to be firm.

Her hushand preserved a strict silence about the whole matter ； and she

never made it a subject of conversation ， feeling bound to prove to him

by her conduct that her sentiments agreed with his.

The same day， which was the Sunday before Christmas， after Werther

had written the last-mentioned letter to his friend ， he came in the

evening to Charlotte's house， and found her alone. She was busy preparing

some little gifts for her brothers and sisters， which were to be distributed

to them on Christmas Day. He began talking of the delight of the children，

and of that age when the sudden appearance of the Christmas-tree， decorated

with fruit and sweetmeats ， and lighted up with wax candles， causes

such transports of joy. "You shall have a gift too， if you behave well

，" said Charlotte ， hiding her embarrassment under sweet smile. "And

what do you call behaving well？ What should I do ， what can I do， my

dear Charlotte？" said he. "Thursday night，" she answered， "is Christmas

Eve. The children are all to be here， and my father too： there is a

present for each； do you come likewise ， but do not come before that

time." Werther started. "I desire you will not： it must be so，" she

continued. "I ask it of you as a favour ， for my own peace and tranquillity.

We cannot go on in this manner any longer." He turned away his face walked

hastily up and down the room， muttering indistinctly ， "We cannot go

on in this manner any longer！" Charlotte ， seeing the violent agitation

into which these words had thrown him ， endeavoured to divert his thoughts

by different questions， but in vain. "No ， Charlotte！" he exclaimed

； "I will never see you any more ！" "And why so ？" she answered. "We

may —— we must see each other again ； only let it be with more discretion.

Oh！ why were you born with that excessive， that ungovernable passion

for everything that is dear to you？" Then， taking his hand， she said，

"I entreat of you to be more calm ： your talents ， your understanding，

your genius ， will furnish you with a thousand resources. Be a man ，

and conquer an unhappy attachment toward a creature who can do nothing

but pity you." He bit his lips， and looked at her with a gloomy countenance.

She continued to hold his hand. "Grant me but a moment's patience ， Werther，

" she said. "Do you not see that you are deceiving yourself ， that you

are seeking your own destruction？ Why must you love me ， me only， who

belong to another ？ I fear ， I much fear， that it is only the impossibility

of possessing me which makes your desire for me so strong." He drew back

his hand， whilst he surveyed her with a wild and angry look. "'Tis well！

" he exclaimed， "'tis very well！ Did not Albert furnish you with this

reflection？ It is profound ， a very profound remark." "A reflection

that any one might easily make，" she answered； "and is there not a woman

in the whole world who is at liberty， and has the power to make you happy？

Conquer yourself： look for such a being， and believe me when I say that

you will certainly find her. I have long felt for you ， and for us all

： you have confined yourself too long within the limits of too narrow

a circle. Conquer yourself； make an effort ： a short journey will be

of service to you. Seek and find an object worthy of your love； then

return hither ， and let us enjoy together all the happiness of the most

perfect friendship."

"This speech，" replied Werther with a cold smile ， "this speech

should be printed ， for the benefit of all teachers. My dear Charlotte，

allow me but a short time longer， and all will be well." "But however，

Werther ，" she added ， "do not come again before Christmas." He was

about to make some answer ， when Albert came in. They saluted each other

coldly， and with mutual embarrassment paced up and down the room. Werther

made some common remarks； Albert did the same， and their conversation

soon dropped. Albert asked his wife about some household matters； and，

finding that his commissions were not executed， he used some expressions

which ， to Werther's ear ， savoured of extreme harshness. He wished

to go ， but had not power to move； and in this situation he remained

till eight o'clock， his uneasiness and discontent continually increasing.

At length the cloth was laid for supper ， and he took up his hat and

stick. Albert invited him to remain ； but Werther， fancying that he

was merely paying a formal compliment ， thanked him coldly ， amd left

the house.

Werther returned home ， took the candle from his servant ， and retired

to his room alone. He talked for some time with great earnestness to himself，

wept aloud， walked in a state of great excitement through his chamber

； till at length ， without undressing ， he threw himself on the bed，

where he was found by his servant at eleven o'clock ， when the latter

ventured to enter the room， and take off his boots. Werther did not prevent

him ， but forbade him to come in the morning till he should ring.

On Monday morning ， the 21st of December ， he wrote to Charlotte

the following letter， which was found， sealed ， on his bureau after

his death ， and was given to her. I shall insert it in fragments ； as

it appears， from several circumstances ， to have been written in that

manner.

"It is all over ， Charlotte： I am resolved to die ！ I make this

declaration deliberately and coolly ， without any romantic passion ，

on this morning of the day when I am to see you for the last time. At

the moment you read these lines ， O best of women， the cold grave will

hold the inanimate remains of that restless and unhappy being who ， in

the last moments of his existence ， knew no pleasure so great as that

of conversing with you！ I have passed a dreadful night or rather ， let

me say， a propitious one ； for it has given me resolution ， it has

fixed my purpose. I am resolved to die. When I tore myself from you yesterday，

my senses were in tumult and disorder ； my heart was oppressed ， hope

and pleasure had fled from me for ever， and a petrifying cold had seized

my wretched being. I could scarcely reach my room. I threw myself on my

knees ； and Heaven ， for the last time， granted me the consolation

of shedding tears. A thousand ideas ， a thousand schemes ， arose within

my soul ； till at length one last， fixed， final thought took possession

of my heart. It was to die. I lay down to rest； and in the morning ，

in the quiet hour of awakening， the same determination was upon me. To

die ！ It is not despair： it is conviction that I have filled up the

measure of my sufferings， that I have reached my appointed term， and

must sacrifice myself for thee. Yes ， Charlotte， why should I not avow

it？ One of us three must die ： it shall be Werther. O beloved Charlotte！

this heart， excited by rage and fury ， has often conceived the horrid

idea of murdering your husband—— you—— myself ！ The lot is cast at

length. And in the bright ， quiet evenings of summer ， when you sometimes

wander toward the mountains ， let your thoughts then turn to me： recollect

how often you have watched me coming to meet you from the valley； then

bend your eyes upon the churchyard which contains my grave， and， by

the light of the setting sun， mark how the evening breeze waves the tall

grass which grows above my tomb. I was calm when I began this letter，

but the recollection of these scenes makes me weep like a child." About

ten in the morning， Werther called his servant ， and， whilst he was

dressing， told him that in a few days he intended to set out upon a journey，

and bade him therefore lay his clothes in order ， and prepare them for

packing up， call in all his accounts ， fetch home the books he had lent，

and give two months' pay to the poor dependants who were accustomed to

receive from him a weekly allowance.

He breakfasted in his room， and then mounted his horse ， and went

to visit the steward， who， however， was not at home. He walked pensively

in the garden ， and seemed anxious to renew all the ideas that were most

painful to him.

The children did not suffer him to remain alone long. They followed

him ， skipping and dancing before him， and told him ， that after to-morrow

and tomorrow and one day more ， they were to receive their Christmas

gift from Charlotte ； and they then recounted all the wonders of which

they had formed ideas in their child imaginations. "Tomorrow and tomorrow，

" said he ， "and one day more！" And he kissed them tenderly. He was

going ； but the younger boy stopped him， to whisper something in his

ear. He told him that his elder brothers had written splendid New-Year's

wishes so large ！ one for papa ， and another for Albert and Charlotte，

and one for Werther ； and they were to be presented early in the morning，

on New Year's Day. This quite overcame him. He made each of the children

a present ， mounted his horse， left his compliments for papa and mamma，

and ， with tears in his eyes ， rode away from the place.

He returned home about five o'clock ， ordered his servant to keep

up his fire ， desired him to pack his books and linen at the bottom of

the trunk ， and to place his coats at the top. He then appears to have

made the following addition to the letter addressed to Charlotte：

"You do not expect me. You think I will obey you， and not visit you

again till Christmas Eve. O Charlotte ， today or never ！ On Christmas

Eve you will hold this paper in your hand ； you will tremble ， and moisten

it with your tears. I will—— I must ！ Oh ， how happy I feel to be

determined！"

In the meantime ， Charlotte was in a pitiable state of mind. After

her last conversation with Werther， she found how painful to herself

it would be to decline his visits ， and knew how severely he would suffer

from their separation.

She had ， in conversation with Albert， mentioned casually that Werther

would not return before Christmas Eve ； and soon afterward Albert went

on horseback to see a person in the neighbourhood ， with whom he had

to transact some business which would detain him all night.

Charlotte was sitting alone. None of her family were near ， and she

gave herself up to the reflections that silently took possession of her

mind. She was for ever united to a husband whose love and fidelity she

had proved， to whom she was heartily devoted ， and who seemed to be

a special gift from Heaven to ensure her happiness. On the other hand ，

Werther had become dear to her. There was a cordial unanimity of sentiment

between them from the very first hour of their acquaintance ， and their

long association and repeated interviews had made an indelible impression

upon her heart. She had been accustomed to communicate to him every thought

and feeling which interested her， and his absence threatened to open

a void in her existence which it might be impossible to fill. How heartily

she wished that she might change him into her brother ，—— that she

could induce him to marry one of her own friends， or could reestablish

his intimacy with Albert.

She passed all her intimate friends in review before her mind ， but

found something objectionable in each ， and could decide upon none to

whom she would consent to give him.

Amid all these considerations she felt deeply but indistinctly that

her own real but unexpressed wish was to retain him for herself ， and

her pure and amiable heart felt from this thought a sense of oppression

which seemed to forbid a prospect of happiness. She was wretched： a dark

cloud obscured her mental vision.

It was now half-past six o'clock， and she heard Werther's step on

the stairs. She at once recognised his voice， as he inquired if she were

at home. Her heart beat audibly —— we could almost say for the first

time—— at his arrival. It was too late to deny herself； and， as he

entered ， she exclaimed， with a sort of ill concealed confusion ， "You

have not kept your word ！" "I promised nothing ，" he answered. "But

you should have complied， at least for my sake ，" she continued. " I

implore you ， for both our sakes."

She scarcely knew what she said or did； and sent for some friends，

who ， by their presence， might prevent her being left alone with Werther.

He put down some books he had brought with him， then made inquiries about

some others ， until she began to hope that her friends might arrive shortly，

entertaining at the same time a desire that they might stay away.

At one moment she felt anxious that the servant should remain in the

adjoining room， then she changed her mind. Werther ， meanwhile， walked

impatiently up and down. She went to the piano， and determined not to

retire. She then collected her thoughts ， and sat down quietly at Werther's

side， who had taken his usual place on the sofa.

"Have you brought nothing to read ？" she inquired. He had nothing.

"There in my drawer ，" she continued ， "you will find your own translation

of some of the songs of Ossian. I have not yet read them， as I have still

hoped to hear you recite them ； but， for some time past ， I have not

been able to accomplish such a wish." He smiled ， and went for the manuscript，

which he took with a shudder. He sat down ； and， with eyes full of tears，

he began to read.

"Star of descending night ！ fair is thy light in the west！ thou

liftest thy unshorn head from thy cloud ； thy steps are stately on thy

hill. What dost thou behold in the plain？ The stormy winds are laid.

The murmur of the torrent comes from afar. Roaring waves climb the distant

rock. The flies of evening are on their feeble wings： the hum of their

course is on the field. What dost thou behold ， fair light ？ But thou

dost smile and depart. The waves come with joy around thee： they bathe

thy lovely hair. Farewell ， thou silent beam ！ Let the light of Ossian's

soul arise！

"And it does arise in its strength！ I behold my departed friends.

Their gathering is on Lora， as in the days of other years. Fingal comes

like a watery column of mist！ his heroes are around： and see the bards

of song ， gray-haired Ullin！ stately Ryno ！ Alpin with the tuneful

voice ： the soft complaint of Minona ！ How are ye changed ， my friends，

since the days of Selma's feast ！ when we contended， like gales of spring

as they fly along the hill， and bend by turns the feebly whistling grass.

"Minona came forth in her beauty， with downcast look and tearful

eye. Her hair was flying slowly with the blast that rushed unfrequent

from the hill. The souls of the heroes were sad when she raised the tuneful

voice. Oft had they seen the grave of Salgar， the dark dwelling of white-bosomed

Colma. Colma left alone on the hill with all her voice of song！ Salgar

promised to come！ but the night descended around. Hear the voice of Colma，

when she sat alone on the hill！

"Colma. It is night ： I am alone ， forlorn on the hill of storms.

The wind is heard on the mountain. The torrent is howling down the rock.

No hut receives me from the rain： forlorn on the hill of winds ！

"Rise moon！ from behind thy clouds. Stars of the night ， arise！

Lead me ， some light ， to the place where my love rests from the chase

alone ！ His bow near him unstrung， his dogs panting around him！ But

here I must sit alone by the rock of the mossy stream. The stream and

the wind roar aloud. I hear not the voice of my love！ Why delays my Salgar

； why the chief of the hill his promise？ Here is the rock and here the

tree！ here is the roaring stream ！ Thou didst promise with night to

be here. Ah ！ whither is my Salgar gone？ With thee I would fly from

my father ， with thee from my brother of pride. Our race have long been

foes： we are not foes， O Salgar ！

"Cease a little while ， O wind ！ stream ， be thou silent awhile！

let my voice be heard around！ let my wanderer hear me！ Salgar ！ it

is Colma who calls. Here is the tree and the rock. Salgar ， my love，

I am here ！ Why delayest thou thy coming ？ Lo ！ the calm moon comes

forth. The flood is bright in the vale. The rocks are gray on the steep.

I see him not on the brow. His dogs come not before him with tidings of

his near approach. Here I must sit alone！

"Who lie on the heath beside me ？ Are they my love and my brother？

Speak to me ， O my friends ！ To Colma they give no reply. Speak to me

： I am alone ！ My soul is tormented with fears. Ah， they are dead！

Their swords are red from the fight. O my brother ！ my brother ！ why

hast thou slain my Salgar ！ Why， O Salgar ， hast thou slain my brother！

Dear were ye both to me ！ what shall I say in your praise？ Thou wert

fair on the hill among thousands！ he was terrible in fight ！ Speak to

me！ hear my voice！ hear me， sons of my love！ They are silent！ silent

for ever！ Cold ， cold ， are their breasts of clay！ Oh ， from the

rock on the hill， from the top of the windy steep， speak， ye ghosts

of the dead ！ Speak， I will not be afraid ！ Whither are ye gone to

rest？ In what cave of the hill shall I find the departed ？ No feeble

voice is on the gale： no answer half drowned in the storm！

"I sit in my grief： I wait for morning in my tears ！ Rear the tomb，

ye friends of the dead. Close it not till Colma come. My life flies away

like a dream. Why should I stay behind？ Here shall I rest with my friends，

by the stream of the sounding rock. When night comes on the hill when

the loud winds arise my ghost shall stand in the blast， and mourn the

death of my friends. The hunter shall hear from his booth ； he shall

fear， but love my voice！ For sweet shall my voice be for my friends

： pleasant were her friends to Colma.

"Such was thy song， Minona ， softly blushing daughter of Torman.

Our tears descended for Colma ， and our souls were sad ！ Ullin came

with his harp ； he gave the song of Alpin. The voice of Alpin was pleasant，

the soul of Ryno was a beam of fire ！ But they had rested in the narrow

house ： their voice had ceased in Selma！ Ullin had returned one day

from the chase before the heroes fell. He heard their strife on the hill

： their song was soft， but sad！ They mourned the fall of Morar ， first

of mortal men ！ His soul was like the soul of Fingal ： his sword like

the sword of Oscar. But he fell ， and his father mourned ： his sister's

eyes were full of tears. Minona's eyes were full of tears ， the sister

of car-borne Morar. She retired from the song of Ullin， like the moon

in the west ， when she foresees the shower ， and hides her fair head

in a cloud. I touched the harp with Ullin ： the song of morning rose ！

"Ryno. The wind and the rain are past ， calm is the noon of day.

The clouds are divided in heaven. Over the green hills flies the inconstant

sun. Red through the stony vale comes down the stream of the hill. Sweet

are thy murmurs ， O stream ！ but more sweet is the voice I hear. It

is the voice of Alpin ， the son of song， mourning for the dead！ Bent

is his head of age： red his tearful eye. Alpin ， thou son of song ，

why alone on the silent hill？ why complainest thou ， as a blast in the

wood as a wave on the lonely shore？

"Alpin. My tears， O Ryno ！ are for the dead my voice for those that

have passed away. Tall thou art on the hill ； fair among the sons of

the vale. But thou shalt fall like Morar： the mourner shall sit on thy

tomb. The hills shall know thee no more ： thy bow shall lie in thy hall

unstrung！

"Thou wert swift， O Morar！ as a roe on the desert ： terrible as

a meteor of fire. Thy wrath was as the storm. Thy sword in battle as lightning

in the field. Thy voice was as a stream after rain， like thunder on distant

hills. Many fell by thy arm ： they were consumed in the flames of thy

wrath. But when thou didst return from war， how peaceful was thy brow.

Thy face was like the sun after rain： like the moon in the silence of

night ： calm as the breast of the lake when the loud wind is laid.

"Narrow is thy dwelling now ！ dark the place of thine abode！ With

three steps I compass thy grave ， O thou who wast so great before！ Four

stones， with their heads of moss ， are the only memorial of thee. A

tree with scarce a leaf ， long grass which whistles in the wind， mark

to the hunter's eye the grave of the mighty Morar. Morar！ thou art low

indeed. Thou hast no mother to mourn thee ， no maid with her tears of

love. Dead is she that brought thee forth. Fallen is the daughter of Morglan.

"Who on his staff is this ？ Who is this whose head is white with

age ， whose eyes are red with tears， who quakes at every step ？ It

is thy father ， O Morar！ the father of no son but thee. He heard of

thy fame in war ， he heard of foes dispersed. He heard of Morar's renown，

why did he not hear of his wound？ Weep ， thou father of Morar ！ Weep，

but thy son heareth thee not. Deep is the sleep of the dead ， low their

pillow of dust. No more shall he hear thy voice ， no more awake at thy

call. When shall it be morn in the grave， to bid the slumberer awake ？

Farewell， thou bravest of men！ thou conqueror in the field！ but the

field shall see thee no more， nor the dark wood be lightened with the

splendour of thy steel. Thou has left no son. The song shall preserve

thy name. Future times shall hear of thee they shall hear of the fallen

Morar ！

"The grief of all arose ， but most the bursting sigh of Armin. He

remembers the death of his son， who fell in the days of his youth. Carmor

was near the hero ， the chief of the echoing Galmal. Why burst the sigh

of Armin？ he said. Is there a cause to mourn ？ The song comes with its

music to melt and please the soul. It is like soft mist that， rising

from a lake ， pours on the silent vale ； the green flowers are filled

with dew， but the sun returns in his strength， and the mist is gone.

Why art thou sad， O Armin， chief of sea-surrounded Gorma？

"Sad I am ！ nor small is my cause of woe ！ Carmor ， thou hast lost

no son； thou hast lost no daughter of beauty. Colgar the valiant lives，

and Annira， fairest maid. The boughs of thy house ascend ， O Carmor ！

but Armin is the last of his race. Dark is thy bed， O Daura！ deep thy

sleep in the tomb ！ When shalt thou wake with thy songs？ with all thy

voice of music？

"Arise， winds of autumn， arise： blow along the heath. Streams of

the mountains ， roar ； roar ， tempests in the groves of my oaks！ Walk

through broken clouds ， O moon ！ show thy pale face at intervals； bring

to my mind the night when all my children fell， when Arindal the mighty

fell—— when Daura the lovely failed. Daura， my daughter， thou wert

fair， fair as the moon on Fura ， white as the driven snow ， sweet as

the breathing gale. Arindal ， thy bow was strong ， thy spear was swift

on the field， thy look was like mist on the wave ， thy shield a red

cloud in a storm！ Armar， renowned in war， came and sought Daura's love.

He was not long refused ： fair was the hope of their friends.

"Erath， son of Odgal ， repined： his brother had been slain by Armar.

He came disguised like a son of the sea ： fair was his cliff on the wave，

white his locks of age， calm his serious brow. Fairest of women， he

said， lovely daughter of Armin ！ a rock not distant in the sea bears

a tree on its side； red shines the fruit afar. There Armar waits for

Daura. I come to carry his love ！ she went she called on Armar. Nought

answered， but the son of the rock. Armar ， my love， my love！ why tormentest

thou me with fear ？ Hear ， son of Arnart， hear ！ it is Daura who calleth

thee. Erath ， the traitor， fled laughing to the land. She lifted up

her voice —— she called for her brother and her father. Arindal ！ Armin！

none to relieve you ， Daura.

"Her voice came over the sea. Arindal ， my son ， descended from

the hill， rough in the spoils of the chase. His arrows rattled by his

side； his bow was in his hand， five dark-gray dogs attended his steps.

He saw fierce Erath on the shore； he seized and bound him to an oak.

Thick wind the thongs of the hide around his limbs； he loads the winds

with his groans. Arindal ascends the deep in his boat to bring Daura to

land. Armar came in his wrath ， and let fly the gray-feathered shaft.

It sung ， it sunk in thy heart ， O Arindal， my son ！ for Erath the

traitor thou diest. The oar is stopped at once： he panted on the rock，

and expired. What is thy grief， O Daura， when round thy feet is poured

thy brother's blood. The boat is broken in twain. Armar plunges into the

sea to rescue his Daura ， or die. Sudden a blast from a hill came over

the waves ； he sank， and he rose no more.

"Alone， on the sea-beat rock ， my daughter was heard to complain

； frequent and loud were her cries. What could her father do ？ All night

I stood on the shore： I saw her by the faint beam of the moon. All night

I heard her cries. Loud was the wind； the rain beat hard on the hill.

Before morning appeared ， her voice was weak ； it died away like the

evening breeze among the grass of the rocks. Spent with grief ， she expired，

and left thee ， Armin， alone. Gone is my strength in war， fallen my

pride among women. When the storms aloft arise， when the north lifts

the wave on high， I sit by the sounding shore， and look on the fatal

rock.

"Often by the setting moon I see the ghosts of my children； half

viewless they walk in mournful conference together."

A torrent of tears which streamed from Charlotte's eyes and gave relief

to her bursting heart ， stopped Werther's recitation. He threw down the

book， seized her hand， and wept bitterly. Charlotte leaned upon her

hand， and buried her face in her handkerchief： the agitation of both

was excessive. They felt that their own fate was pictured in the misfortunes

of Ossian's heroes， they felt this together， and their tears redoubled.

Werther supported his forehead on Charlotte's arm ： she trembled ， she

wished to be gone ； but sorrow and sympathy lay like a leaden weight

upon her soul. She recovered herself shortly， and begged Werther ， with

broken sobs ， to leave her ， implored him with the utmost earnestness

to comply with her request. He trembled ； his heart was ready to burst

： then ， taking up the book again ， he recommenced reading ， in a

voice broken by sobs. "Why dost thou waken me ， O spring ？ Thy voice

woos me ， exclaiming ， I refresh thee with heavenly dews； but the time

of my decay is approaching， the storm is nigh that shall whither my leaves.

Tomorrow the traveller shall come ， he shall come， who beheld me in

beauty： his eye shall seek me in the field around， but he shall not

find me."

The whole force of these words fell upon the unfortunate Werther.

Full of despair ， he threw himself at Charlotte's feet ， seized her

hands ， and pressed them to his eyes and to his forehead. An apprehension

of his fatal project now struck her for the first time. Her senses were

bewildered： she held his hands ， pressed them to her bosom； and， leaning

toward him with emotions of the tenderest pity， her warm cheek touched

his. They lost sight of everything. The world disappeared from their eyes.

He clasped her in his arms， strained her to his bosom， and covered her

trembling lips with passionate kisses. "Werther ！" she cried with a faint

voice ， turning herself away ； "Werther ！" and ， with a feeble hand，

she pushed him from her. At length， with the firm voice of virtue， she

exclaimed ， "Werther ！" He resisted not ， but， tearing himself from

her arms， fell on his knees before her. Charlotte rose ， and， with

disordered grief， in mingled tones of love and resentment， she exclaimed，

"It is the last time， Werther！ You shall never see me any more！" Then，

casting one last， tender look upon her unfortunate lover ， she rushed

into the adjoining room ， and locked the door. Werther held out his arms，

but did not dare to detain her. He continued on the ground， with his

head resting on the sofa， for half an hour ， till he heard a noise which

brought him to his senses. The servant entered. He then walked up and

down the room ； and， when he was again left alone ， he went to Charlotte's

door， and， in a low voice ， said ， "Charlotte ， Charlotte！ but one

word more ， one last adieu ！" She returned no answer. He stopped， and

listened and entreated； but all was silent. At length he tore himself

from the place， crying ， "Adieu ， Charlotte， adieu for ever ！"

Werther ran to the gate of the town. The guards ， who knew him ，

let him pass in silence. The night was dark and stormy，—— it rained

and snowed. He reached his own door about eleven. His servant ， although

seeing him enter the house without his hat， did not venture to say anything

； and； as he undressed his master ， he found that his clothes were

wet. His hat was afterward found on the point of a rock overhanging the

valley； and it is inconceivable how he could have climbed to the summit

on such a dark， tempestuous night without losing his life.

He retired to bed ， and slept to a late hour. The next morning his

servant ， upon being called to bring his coffee， found him writing.

He was adding ， to Charlotte ， what we here annex.

"For the last ， last time I open these eyes. Alas！ they will behold

the sun no more. It is covered by a thick ， impenetrable cloud. Yes，

Nature！ put on mourning： your child ， your friend， your lover ， draws

near his end！ This thought ， Charlotte， is without parallel； and yet

it seems like a mysterious dream when I repeat—— this is my last day！

The last！ Charlotte， no word can adequately express this thought. The

last！ To-day I stand erect in all my strength to-morrow， cold and stark，

I shall lie extended upon the ground. To die！ what is death？ We do but

dream in our discourse upon it. I have seen many human beings die ； but，

so straitened is our feeble nature， we have no clear conception of the

beginning or the end of our existence. At this moment I am my own ——

or rather I am thine， thine， my adored！ and the next we are parted ，

severed —— perhaps for ever ！ No ， Charlotte， no ！ How can I， how

can you ， be annihilated ？ We exist. What is annihilation ？ A mere

word， an unmeaning sound that fixes no impression on the mind. Dead，

Charlotte ！ laid in the cold earth ， in the dark and narrow grave ！

I had a friend once who was everything to me in early youth. She died.

I followed her hearse ； I stood by her grave when the coffin was lowered

； and when I heard the creaking of the cords as they were loosened and

drawn up， when the first shovelful of earth was thrown in， and the coffin

returned a hollow sound ， which grew fainter and fainter till all was

completely covered over ， I threw myself on the ground ； my heart was

smitten ， grieved， shattered， rent —— but I neither knew what had

happened， nor what was to happen to me. Death！ the grave！ I understand

not the words.—— Forgive， oh ， forgive me ！ Yesterday—— ah ， that

day should have been the last of my life！ Thou angel ！ for the first

time in my existence， I felt rapture glow within my inmost soul. She

loves ， she loves me ！ Still burns upon my lips the sacred fire they

received from thine. New torrents of delight overwhelm my soul. Forgive

me， oh ， forgive！

"I knew that I was dear to you； I saw it in your first entrancing

look， knew it by the first pressure of your hand ； but when I was absent

from you， when I saw Albert at your side ， my doubts and fears returned.

"Do you remember the flowers you sent me， when ， at that crowded

assembly， you could neither speak nor extend your hand to me ？ Half

the night I was on my knees before those flowers， and I regarded them

as the pledges of your love ； but those impressions grew fainter ， and

were at length effaced.

"Everything passes away ； but a whole eternity could not extinguish

the living flame which was yesterday kindled by your lips ， and which

now burns within me. She loves me ！ These arms have encircled her waist，

these lips have trembled upon hers. She is mine ！ Yes， Charlotte， you

are mine for ever ！

"And what do they mean by saying Albert is your husband ？ He may

be so for this world； and in this world it is a sin to love you， to

wish to tear you from his embrace. Yes， it is a crime； and I suffer

the punishment， but I have enjoyed the full delight of my sin. I have

inhaled a balm that has revived my soul. From this hour you are mine；

yes ， Charlotte， you are mine ！ I go before you. I go to my Father

and to your Father. I will pour out my sorrows before him ， and he will

give me comfort till you arrive. Then will I fly to meet you. I will claim

you ， and remain your eternal embrace， in the presence of the Almighty.

"I do not dream ， I do not rave. Drawing nearer to the grave my perceptions

become clearer. We shall exist； we shall see each other again； we shall

behold your mother； I shall behold her ， and expose to her my inmost

heart. Your mother—— your image ！"

About eleven o'clock Werther asked his servant if Albert had returned.

He answered ， "Yes ；" for he had seen him pass on horseback ： upon

which Werther sent him the following note ， unsealed ：

"Be so good as to lend me your pistols for a journey. Adieu."

Charlotte had slept little during the past night. All her apprehensions

were realised in a way that she could neither foresee nor avoid. Her blood

was boiling in her veins， and a thousand painful sensations rent her

pure heart. Was it the ardour of Werther's passionate embraces that she

felt within her bosom ？ Was it anger at his daring ？ Was it the sad

comparison of her present condition with former days of innocence ， tranquillity，

and self-confidence ？ How could she approach her husband ， and confess

a scene which she had no reason to conceal， and which she yet felt ，

nevertheless， unwilling to avow？ They had preserved so long a silence

toward each other and should she be the first to break it by so unexpected

a discovery ？ She feared that the mere statement of Werther's visit would

trouble him ， and his distress would be heightened by her perfect candour.

She wished that he could see her in her true light， and judge her without

prejudice ； but was she anxious that he should read her inmost soul？

On the other hand ， could she deceive a being to whom all her thoughts

had ever been exposed as clearly as crystal ， and from whom no sentiment

had ever been concealed ？ These reflections made her anxious and thoughtful.

Her mind still dwelt on Werther ， who was now lost to her， but whom

she could not bring herself to resign ， and for whom she knew nothing

was left but despair if she should be lost to him for ever.

A recollection of that mysterious estrangement which had lately subsisted

between herself and Albert， and which she could never thoroughly understand，

was now beyond measure painful to her. Even the prudent and the good have

before now hesitated to explain their mutual differences， and have dwelt

in silence upon their imaginary grievances， until circumstances have

become so entangled ， that in that critical juncture ， when a calm explanation

would have saved all parties， an understanding was impossible. And thus

if domestic confidence had been earlier established between them， if

love and kind forbearance had mutually animated and expanded their hearts，

it might not， perhaps， even yet have been too late to save our friend.

But we must not forget one remarkable circumstance. We may observe

from the character of Werther's correspondence， that he had never affected

to conceal his anxious desire to quit this world. He had often discussed

the subject with Albert ； and， between the latter and Charlotte ， it

had not unfrequently formed a topic of conversation. Albert was so opposed

to the very idea of such an action， that ， with a degree of irritation

unusual in him， he had more than once given Werther to understand that

he doubted the seriousness of his threats ， and not only turned them

into ridicule ， but caused Charlotte to share his feelings of incredulity.

Her heart was thus tranquillised when she felt disposed to view the melancholy

subject in a serious point of view， though she never communicated to

her husband the apprehensions she sometimes experienced.

Albert， upon his return， was received by Charlotte with ill-concealed

embarrassment. He was himself out of humour ； his business was unfinished

； and he had just discovered that the neighbouring official with whom

he had to deal， was an obstinate and narrow-minded personage. Many things

had occurred to irritate him.

He inquired whether anything had happened during his absence， and

Charlotte hastily answered that Werther had been there on the evening

previously. He then inquired for his letters， and was answered that several

packages had been left in his study. He thereon retired ， leaving Charlotte

alone.

The presence of the being she loved and honoured produced a new impression

on her heart. The recollection of his generosity， kindness ， and affection

had calmed her agitation： a secret impulse prompted her to follow him

； she took her work and went to his study， as was often her custom.

He was busily employed opening and reading his letters. It seemed as if

the contents of some were disagreeable. She asked some questions： he

gave short answers， and sat down to write.

Several hours passed in this manner ， and Charlotte's feelings became

more and more melancholy. She felt the extreme difficulty of explaining

to her husband， under any circumstances， the weight that lay upon her

heart ； and her depression became every moment greater ， in proportion

as she endeavoured to hide her grief， and to conceal her tears.

The arrival of Werther's servant occasioned her the greatest embarrassment.

He gave Albert a note ， which the latter coldly handed to his wife ，

saying， at the same time ， "Give him the pistols. I wish him a pleasant

journey ，" he added， turning to the servant. These words fell upon Charlotte

like a thunderstroke： she rose from her seat half-fainting ， and unconscious

of what she did. She walked mechanically toward the wall， took down the

pistols with a trembling hand ， slowly wiped the dust from them， and

would have delayed longer ， had not Albert hastened her movements by

an impatient look. She then delivered the fatal weapons to the servant，

without being able to utter a word. As soon as he had departed， she folded

up her work ， and retired at once to her room， her heart overcome with

the most fearful forebodings. She anticipated some dreadful calamity.

She was at one moment on the point of going to her husband， throwing

herself at his feet ， and acquainting him with all that had happened

on the previous evening ， that she might acknowledge her fault ， and

explain her apprehensions ； then she saw that such a step would be useless，

as she would certainly be unable to induce Albert to visit Werther. Dinner

was served； and a kind friend whom she had persuaded to remain assisted

to sustain the conversation ， which was carried on by a sort of compulsion，

till the events of the morning were forgotten.

When the servant brought the pistols to Werther ， the latter received

them with transports of delight upon hearing that Charlotte had given

them to him with her own hand. He ate some bread， drank some wine， sent

his servant to dinner ， and then sat down to write as follows：

"They have been in your hands you wiped the dust from them. I kiss

them a thousand times —— you have touched them. Yes ， Heaven favours

my design ， and you， Charlotte， provide me with the fatal instruments.

It was my desire to receive my death from your hands， and my wish is

gratified. I have made inquiries of my servant. You trembled when you

gave him the pistols， but you bade me no adieu. Wretched ， wretched

that I am —— not one farewell ！ How could you shut your heart against

me in that hour which makes you mine for ever ？ Charlotte， ages cannot

efface the impression —— I feel you cannot hate the man who so passionately

loves you ！"

After dinner he called his servant， desired him to finish the packing

up， destroyed many papers， and then went out to pay some trifling debts.

He soon returned home ， then went out again， notwithstanding the rain，

walked for some time in the count's garden， and afterward proceeded farther

into the country. Toward evening he came back once more ， and resumed

his writing.

"Wilhelm， I have for the last time beheld the mountains， the forests，

and the sky. Farewell ！ And you， my dearest mother， forgive me ！ Console

her ， Wilhelm. God bless you ！ I have settled all my affairs！ Farewell！

We shall meet again ， and be happier than ever."

"I have requited you badly， Albert ； but you will forgive me. I

have disturbed the peace of your home. I have sowed distrust between you.

Farewell！ I will end all this wretchedness. And oh ， that my death may

render you happy！ Albert ， Albert ！ make that angel happy， and the

blessing of Heaven be upon you！"

He spent the rest of the evening in arranging his papers： he tore

and burned a great many ； others he sealed up， and directed to Wilhelm.

They contained some detached thoughts and maxims， some of which I have

perused. At ten o'clock he ordered his fire to be made up ， and a bottle

of wine to be brought to him. He then dismissed his servant ， whose room，

as well as the apartments of the rest of the family ， was situated in

another part of the house. The servant lay down without undressing， that

he might be the sooner ready for his journey in the morning ， his master

having informed him that the post-horses would be at the door before six

o'clock.

"Past eleven o'clock！ All is silent around me， and my soul is calm.

I thank thee， O God， that thou bestowest strength and courage upon me

in these last moments ！ I approach the window， my dearest of friends

； and through the clouds ， which are at this moment driven rapidly along

by the impetuous winds， I behold the stars which illumine the eternal

heavens. No ， you will not fall， celestial bodies ： the hand of the

Almighty supports both you and me ！ I have looked for the last time upon

the constellation of the Greater Bear ： it is my favourite star； for

when I bade you farewell at night ， Charlotte， and turned my steps from

your door ， it always shone upon me. With what rapture have I at times

beheld it ！ How often have I implored it with uplifted hands to witness

my felicity ！ and even still —— But what object is there ， Charlotte，

which fails to summon up your image before me ？ Do you not surround me

on all sides？ and have I not ， like a child ， treasured up every trifle

which you have consecrated by your touch？ "Your profile， which was so

dear to me， I return to you； and I pray you to preserve it. Thousands

of kisses have I imprinted upon it， and a thousand times has it gladdened

my heart on departing from and returning to my home.

"I have implored your father to protect my remains. At the corner

of the churchyard ， looking toward the fields， there are two lime-trees

—— there I wish to lie. Your father can ， and doubtless will ， do

this much for his friend. Implore it of him. But perhaps pious Christians

will not choose that their bodies chould be buried near the corpse of

a poor， unhappy wretch like me. Then let me be laid in some remote valley，

or near the highway ， where the priest and Levite may bless themselves

as they pass by my tomb ， whilst the Samaritan will shed a tear for my

fate.

"See， Charlotte， I do not shudder to take the cold and fatal cup，

from which I shall drink the draught of death. Your hand presents it to

me， and I do not tremble. All， all is now concluded ： the wishes and

the hopes of my existence are fulfilled. With cold， unflinching hand

I knock at the brazen portals of Death. Oh， that I had enjoyed the bliss

of dying for you！ how gladly would I have sacrificed myself for you；

Charlotte ！ And could I but restore peace and joy to your bosom， with

what resolution ， with what joy， would I not meet my fate ！ But it

is the lot of only a chosen few to shed their blood for their friends ，

and by their death to augment ， a thousand times ， the happiness of

those by whom they are beloved.

I wish， Charlotte， to be buried in the dress I wear at present：

it has been rendered sacred by your touch. I have begged this favour of

your father. My spirit soars above my sepulchre. I do not wish my pockets

to be searched. The knot of pink ribbon which you wore on your bosom the

first time I saw you， surrounded by the children —— Oh ， kiss them

a thousand times for me ， and tell them the fate of their unhappy friend！

I think I see them playing around me. The dear children ！ How warmly

have I been attached to you ， Charlotte！ Since the first hour I saw

you ， how impossible have I found it to leave you. This ribbon must be

buried with me： it was a present from you on my birthday. How confused

it all appears！ Little did I then think that I should journey this road.

But peace ！ I pray you ， peace！

"They are loaded—— the clock strikes twelve. I say amen. Charlotte，

Charlotte ！ farewell ， farewell ！"

A neighbour saw the flash ， and heard the report of the pistol ；

but ， as everything remained quiet ， he thought no more of it.

In the morning， at six o'clock ， the servant went into Werther's

room with a candle. He found his master stretched upon the floor， weltering

in his blood， and the pistols at his side. He called ， he took him in

his arms， but received no answer. Life was not yet quite extinct. The

servant ran for a surgeon ， and then went to fetch Albert. Charlotte

heard the ringing of the bell ： a cold shudder seized her. She wakened

her husband ， and they both rose. The servant， bathed in tears faltered

forth the dreadful news. Charlotte fell senseless at Albert's feet.

When the surgeon came to the unfortunate Werther， he was still lying

on the floor； and his pulse beat ， but his limbs were cold. The bullet，

entering the forehead ， over the right eye ， had penetrated the skull.

A vein was opened in his right arm： the blood came ， and he still continued

to breathe.

From the blood which flowed from the chair， it could be inferred

that he had committed the rash act sitting at his bureau， and that he

afterward fell upon the floor. He was found lying on his back near the

window. He was in full-dress costume.

The house ， the neighbourhood， and the whole town were immediately

in commotion. Albert arrived. They had laid Werther on the bed： his head

was bound up， and the paleness of death was upon his face. His limbs

were motionless ； but he still breathed， at one time strongly ， then

weaker—— his death was momently expected.

He had drunk only one glass of the wine. "Emilia Galotti" lay open

upon his bureau.

I shall say nothing of Albert's distress， or of Charlotte's grief.

The old steward hastened to the house immediately upon hearing the

news： he embraced his dying friend amid a flood of tears. His eldest

boys soon followed him on foot. In speechless sorrow they threw themselves

on their knees by the bedside ， and kissed his hands and face. The eldest，

who was his favourite ， hung over him till he expired； and even then

he was removed by force. At twelve o'clock Werther breathed his last.

The presence of the steward ， and the precautions he had adopted ， prevented

a disturbance ； and that night ， at the hour of eleven， he caused the

body to be interred in the place which Werther had selected for himself.

The steward and his sons followed the corpse to the grave. Albert

was unable to accompany them. Charlotte's life was despaired of. The body

was carried by labourers. No priest attended.

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